Class 6 Social Science

CBSE Notes For Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 4 What Books And Burials Tell Us

One of the Oldest Literary Sources in the World

• There are four Vedas – the Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda. The oldest Veda is the Rigveda, composed about 3500 years ago.
• The Rigveda includes more than a thousand hymns, called sukta or well-said. They are in praise of various Gods and Goddesses. Rigveda was composed in the North-Western part of the sub-continent.

Three Gods are especially important

1. Agni, the God of fire
2.  Indra, a warrior God
3. Soma, a plant from which the special drink was prepared.

The hymns in Rigveda were composed by sages (rishis). Priests taught students to recite and memorize these carefully. Most of the hymns were composed, taught, and learned by men and some were composed by women.

• Some of the hymns in the Rigveda are in the form of dialogues. For example, there is a dialogue between a sage named Vishvamitra and two rivers (Beas and Sutlej) that were worshipped as Goddesses.
• The Rigveda is in old or Vedic Sanskrit. The Rigveda was recited and heard rather than read. Rigveda was written many centuries after it was composed and printed less than 200 years ago.

Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 4 Cattle, Horses and Chariots

• In the Rigveda, there are many prayers for cattle, children (especially sons), and horses. Horses were used to pull chariots in battles that were fought to capture cattle.
• Battles or wars were also fought for land, water, and to capture people. The land was important for pasture and for growing hardy crops like barley that ripened quickly.
• Most of the men took part in these wars. They discussed war and peace in assemblies and also chose brave and skillful warriors as their leaders.
• Some of the wealth captured in the battles was kept by the leaders, some was given to the priests and the rest was distributed amongst the people. Some wealth was used for the performing yajnas or sacrifices in which offerings were made into the fire.
• The yajnas were meant for Gods and Goddesses and offerings in the yajnas included ghee, grain, and sometimes animals.

Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 4 Words to Describe People

1. In Rigveda, two groups are described in terms of their work. These were the priests, who were sometimes called Brahmins and performed various rituals, and the rajas.
2. The rajas did not have capital cities, palaces, or armies. Taxes were not collected and sons did not succeed their fathers as Rajas.
3. The words jana and vish were used to describe the people or the community as a whole. Several Vish or Jana are mentioned by name, For Example. Puru jana or vish, the Bharata jana or vish, the Yadu jana or vish, etc.
4. The people who composed the hymns described themselves as Aryas and called their opponents Dasas or Dasyus.
5. Dasyus were the people who did not perform sacrifices and probably spoke different languages. Later, the term dasa (and the feminine dasi) came to mean a slave.
6. The men and women, captured in war, became slaves and were treated as the property of their owners.

Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 4 The Story of the Megaliths

• The big stones or the stone boulders are known as megaliths, which were used to mark burial sites.
• The practice of building megaliths began about 3000 years ago. It was prevalent throughout the Deccan, South India, in the North-East and Kashmir.
• Some of the megaliths were built on the surface, and some were underground. Sometimes, archaeologists find a circle of stone boulders or a single large stone standing on the ground. They indicate the burials under the ground.
• All the burials have some common features. Generally, the dead were buried in different pots, which are called Black and Red Ware. Sometimes tools and weapons of iron, skeletons of horses, horse equipment, and ornaments of stone and gold are also found in the graves.

Finding About Social Differences

1. According to archaeologists, the objects found with a skeleton in the grave probably belonged to the dead person. Sometimes more objects are found in one grave than in another.
2. For example, in Brahmagiri, one skeleton was buried with 33 gold beads, 2 stone beads, 4 copper bangles, and 1 conch shell, while other skeletons were buried with only a few pots.
3. These differences in burials suggest that there was some difference in status amongst the people who were buried. Some were rich while others were poor and some were chiefs while others were their followers.

Burial Spots for Certain Families

• Some megaliths also contain more than one skeleton. This indicates that people belonging to the same family were buried in the same place, however at different times.
• The bodies of those who died later were brought into the grave through the portholes (a type of opening). The boulders or stone circles placed on the surface might have served as signposts to find the burial site.

A Special Burial at Inamgaon

1. The site of Inamgaon is located on the bank of river Ghod, a tributary of the Bhima River. It was inhabited by people between 3600 and 2700 years ago.
2. In Inamgaon, adults were generally buried in the ground, laid out straight, with the head towards the North. Some burials were done within the houses, and the vessels that probably contained food and water were buried with the dead.
3. A man was found buried in a large, four-legged clay jar in the courtyard of a five-roomed house on this site. The body was placed in a cross-legged position. This was one of the largest houses at this site, located in the center, and it also had a granary.

Occupations at Inamgaon:  In Inamgaon, archaeologists have found seeds of wheat, barley, rice, pulses, millets, peas, and sesame.

• Apart from these, bones of a number of animals have also been found. Many of these bones have cut marks that show they may have been used as food.
• These include bones of animals like cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep, dog, horse, ass, pig, sambhar, spotted deer, blackbuck, antelope, hare, mongoose, crocodile, turtle, crab, birds and fish.
• Evidence was also found that fruits like ber, amla,jamun, dates, and a variety of berries were collected and consumed.
• These findings and evidence indicate that the people of Inamgaon were hunter-gatherers, farmers, and herders.

CBSE Notes For Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food

The Earliest People

• The people who lived in the sub-continent two million years ago are described today as called hunter-gatherers.
• The hunter-gatherers got their food by hunting wild animals, catching fish and birds, and gathering fruits, roots, nuts, seeds, leaves, stalks, and eggs.

Movement of Hunter-Gatherers

• The hunter-gatherers moved from place to place. The reasons for their movement were as follows
• Staying in one place for a long period might have depleted all the available plant and animal resources, so they traveled from place to place.
• The animals moved from one place to another in search of their own food, which led the people that hunted them, to move from one place to another.
• Plants and trees bear fruits in different seasons, so people might have moved from season to season in search of different plants.
• People, plants, and animals need water to survive. So, people living on banks of seasonal lakes and rivers would have had to move to another place in search of water during the dry seasons (summer and winter).

Sources of Information about the Earliest People

Tools used by the Hunter-Gatherers

• Tools of stone, wood, and bone have been found by archaeologists. These tools were used to cut meat and bone, scrape bark from trees and hides (animal skins), and chop fruit and roots.
• Some tools may have been attached to handles of bone or wood in order to make spears and arrows for hunting.
• Other tools were used to chop wood for the firewood.
• Apart from firewood, wood was also used for making huts and tools.

Places to Live:  Archaeologists have found evidence of hunter-gatherers from the sites of Bhimbetka, Hunsgi, and Kurnool caves.

• Apart from the above three sites, the evidence of hunter-gatherers also have been found in other places which were mostly located near sources of water like rivers and lakes.
• People tried to find places where good quality stones were found.

Finding out about Fire: From the site of Kurnool caves, traces of ash have been found, which suggests that the use of fire was known in the past.

Fire could have been used for many purposes like as a source of light, to cook meat, and to scare away wild animals.

Rock Paintings: Many caves in which the early people lived have paintings on the walls. For example, caves in Madhya Pradesh and Southern Uttar Pradesh. These paintings show wild animals that were drawn with great accuracy and skill.

Names and Dates: Archaeologists divided the early period of human history into the following

• Paleolithic Period The word ‘piano’ means old and ‘Uthos’ means stone. This period extended from 2 million years ago to about 12,000 years ago.
• It is divided into the Lower, Middle, and Upper Palaeolithic. This long span of history covers over 99% of human history.
• Mesolithic (Middle Stone) Period This period extended from 12,000 years ago to about 10,000 years ago. Stone tools found during this period were small, so they were called microliths, For Example. sickles.
• Neolithic Period This period started about 10,000 years ago. Advanced stone tools were made in this period.

Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 2 A Changing Environment

• There was a change in the climate of the world, around 12,000 years ago, with a shift to relatively warm conditions. This led to the development of grasslands in many areas.
• The increase in grasslands led to an increase in animals that survived on grass like deer, antelope, goats, sheep, and cattle.
• The people who hunted these animals started learning about their food habits and breeding seasons.
• This helped people to start herding and rearing animals. Fishing also became an important activity.

Beginning of Farming and Herding: In different parts of the subcontinent, several grain-bearing types of grass, including wheat, barley, and rice started to grow naturally.

• These grains were probably collected by men, women, and children, and they also learned about the place where they grew and when they were ripened. In this way, people became farmers.
• People could have begun to tame animals by leaving food for them near their shelters (homes). The first animal to be tamed was the wild ancestor dog.
• Later, people encouraged other animals such as sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs to come near the camps where they Lived.
• These animals lived in herds and most of them ate grass. People also protected these animals from attacks by other wild animals. In this way, people became herders.
• It is the process in which people grow plants and look after animals. The plants and animals that are domesticated by the pump are different from wild plants and animals.
• The people select those plants and animals for domestication that are not prone to disease.
• They select plants that yield large-size grain and have strong stalks, capable of bearing the weight of the ripe grain. They select animals that are relatively gently selected
• Domestication was a gradual process that took place in many parts of the world. It began about 12,000 years ago.
• Some of the earliest plants to be domesticated were wheat and barley. The earliest domesticated animals include sheep and goats.

Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 2 A New Way of Life

• When people began growing plants, it meant that they had to stay in the same place for a long time till the grain ripened.
• This process involved looking after the plants, watering them, weeding, and protecting them from animals and birds.
• In many areas, people started making large clay pots, and baskets and dug pits into the ground in order to store grains for food and seeds.

First Farmers and Herders:  The evidences of early farmers and herders have been found from the sites of Burzahom, Chirand, Daojali Hading, Koldihwa, Mahagara, Hallur, Paiyampalli and Mehrgarh (now in Pakistan).

• The remains of burnt grains have been recovered from these sites. This suggests that a number of crops were grown in different parts of the subcontinent.
• Apart from these, the bones of different animals also have been found.

Towards a Settled Life: In Burzahom (in present-day Kashmir), people built pit houses, which were dug into the ground, with steps leading into them. These may have provided shelter in cold weather.

• Cooking hearths have been found both inside and outside the huts. This suggests that people could cook food either indoors or outdoors, depending on the weather.
• Stone tools have been found on many sites which were different from the earlier Palaeolithic tools and they are called Neolithic tools.
• These included tools that were polished to give a fine cutting edge. Mortars” and pestles were used for grinding grain and other plant produce. Some of the tools were made of bone.
• Various kinds of earthen pots have also been found, which were sometimes decorated, and were used for storing things.
  People started using pots for cooking food, especially grains like rice, wheat, and lentils.
• People also started weaving cloth, using different kinds of materials, For Example. cotton.
• However, in many areas, men and women continued to hunt and gather food, and elsewhere people adopted farming and herding slowly, over several thousands of years.

Animals as a Store of Food

• Breeding of animals is a natural process. If they are looked after carefully, they are an important source of food and meat, whenever required.
• In other words, animals that are reared can be used as a ‘store’ of food.

Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 2 A Closer Look: Site of Mehrgarh

• Mehrgarh site is located in a fertile plain, near the Bolan Pass, which is one of the most important routes into Iran.
• Mehrgarh was probably one of the places where women and men learned to grow barley and wheat, and rear sheep and goats for the first time.

The sources that have been found on this site are

• Bones of many animals such as deer, pig, sheep, and goats have been found in Mehrgarh.
• The remains of square and rectangular houses have been discovered from this site. Each house had four or more compartments, some of which may have been used for storage.
• Several burial sites have also been from Mehrgarh.
• The dead person was buried with goats, which were probably meant to serve as food in the next world. There was a belief that there was some form of life after death.

CBSE Notes For Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 3 In The Earliest Cities

The Story Of Harappa

• About 150 years ago, when railway lines were being laid down for the first time in the Punjab, engineers encountered the site of Harappa (in present-day Pakistan).
• About 80 years ago, archaeologists found the site of Harappa and realized that it was one of the oldest cities in the sub-continent.
• Harappa was the first city to be discovered, thus all the other sites, where similar buildings (and other things) were found, were described as Harappan. These sites developed about 4700 years ago.

Harappan Cities

Many of the Harappan cities were divided into two or more parts as follows

Citadel It was the Western part of the city which was smaller but higher.

Lower Town It was the Eastern part of the city which was larger but lower.

• The strong walls of well-baked bricks were built around each part. The bricks were laid down in an interlocking pattern.
• In some cities, special buildings were constructed. For example, Great Bath in Mohenjodaro which was a special tank.
• It was built with bricks, coated with plaster, and made water-tight with a layer of natural tar. It had steps leading down to it from two sides and there were rooms on all sides.
• Water was probably brought in from a well, and drained out after use. On special occasions, important people of the city took a dip in the tank.
• The cities such as Kalibangan and Lothal had fire altars where sacrifices may have been performed. Some cities like Mohenjodaro, Harappa, and Lothal had elaborate storehouses.

Houses, Drains, and Streets:  In the Harappan cities, the houses, drains, and streets were probably planned and built at the same time.

• The houses were either one or two storeys high with rooms built around a courtyard. Most of the houses had a separate bathing area and some had wells to supply water.
• The drains were covered in many cities and the inspection holes were provided at intervals to clean them.
• The drains were laid out in straight lines and each drain had a gentle slope so that water could flow through it.
• Mostly, the drains in houses were connected to the drains on the streets, and smaller drains led into bigger ones.

Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 3 Life in the City

• The people who constructed special buildings in the city were probably the rulers.
• The rulers probably sent people to distant lands to get metal, precious stones, and other valuable objects.
• They may have kept the most valuable objects, such as ornaments of gold and silver, or beautiful beads for themselves.
• The craftspersons (men and women) made all kinds of things, either in their homes or in special workshops, For Example. terracotta1 toys.

New Crafts in the City

• Most of the things found in Harappan cities by archaeologists were made of stones, shells, and metals including copper, bronze, gold, and silver.
• Copper and bronze were used to make tools, weapons, ornaments, and vessels. Gold and silver were used to make ornaments and vessels.
• Apart from these things, beads, weights, and blades are the most important things found by the archaeologists.
• Seals were also made with stone by the Harappans, which are generally rectangular and have an animal carved on them. They also made pots with beautiful black designs.

Cotton and Cloth

• Cotton was probably grown at Mehrgarh about 7000 years ago. From the site of Mohenjodaro, actual pieces of cloth were found attached to the lid of a silver vase and some copper objects.
• Archaeologists have also found spindle whorles, made of terracotta and faience, which were used to spin thread.
• Many of these things were made by the specialists. A specialist is a person (man or woman) who is trained to do only one kind of work. For example, cutting stones, polishing beads, or carving seals.

Raw Materials: Raw materials are those substances that are processed to produce finished goods. They are either found naturally (such as wood, or ores of metals) or produced by farmers or herders.

• Some of the raw materials used by the Harappans were locally available but many items such as copper, tin, gold, silver, and precious stones had to be brought from distant places.
• The Harappans probably got copper from present-day Rajasthan and Oman in West Asia. Tin which was mixed with copper to produce bronze, which may have been brought from present-day Afghanistan and Iran.
• Gold could have been brought from present-day Karnataka, and precious stones from present-day Gujarat, Iran, and Afghanistan.

Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 3 Food for People in the Cities

• The people living in the countryside grew crops and reared animals. These farmers and herders supplied food to craftspersons, scribes, and rulers in the cities.
• It was evident from the remains of plants that the Harappans grew wheat, barley, pulses, peas, rice, sesame, linseed, and mustard.
• A new tool, the plough³, was used to dig the Earth for turning the soil and planting seeds. Toy models of plows have been found in the cities.
• Some form of irrigation may have been used as these cities did not receive heavy rainfall. Water was stored and supplied to the fields when the plants were growing.
• Water and pastures’ were available around the settlements as the Harappans reared cattle, sheep, goats, and buffalo.
• During the summer months, large herds of animals were probably taken to greater distances in search of grass and Hnntppans collected fruits like her, caught fish, and hunted wild animals like the antelope.

Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 3 Harappan Towns in Gujarat

The Harappan towns of Dholavira and Lothal have been discovered in the state of Gujarat.

Dholavira: The city of Dholavira was located on Khadir Beyt in the Rann of Kutch, where there was fresh water and fertile soil.

• Dholavira was divided into three parts, and each part was surrounded by massive stone walls, with entrances through gateways. There was also a large open area in the settlement where public ceremonies could be held.
• In Dholavira large letters of Harappan script were found which were carved out of white stone and inlaid in wood.
• It is a unique find because Harappan writing has been generally found on small objects such as seals.

Lothal: The city of Lothal was located on the bank of a tributary of the Sabarmati river in Gujarat, close to the Gulf of Khambat.

• This site was an important center for making objects from stone, shell, and metal. Raw materials such as semi-precious stones were easily available here.
• There was also a storehouse in this city where many seals and sealings (the impression of seals on clay) were found.
• The pieces of stone, half-made beads, tools for bead making, and finished beads have been found here which suggests that there was a workshop for making beads in Lotha

Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 3 End of the Harappan Cities

• Around 3900 years ago, people stopped living in many of the cities, and the writing, seals, and weights were no longer used.
• The buying of raw materials from long distances was reduced. In Mohenjodaro garbage piled up, on the streets, the drainage system broke down and new houses were built, even over the streets.

The reasons suggested by some scholars for these changes were

1. The rivers dried up and there was deforestation because a large quantity of fuel was required for baking bricks and for smelting5 copper ores. ;
2. Grazing by large herds of cattle, sheep, and goats may have destroyed the green cover, while there were floods in some areas.
3. However, these reasons do not explain the end of all the cities, because the flooding or drying of a river would have had an effect only in some areas. It appears that the rulers had lost control over the cities.
4. The sites in Sind and West Punjab (present-day Pakistan) were abandoned, while many people moved into newer, smaller settlements to the East and the South. New cities emerged about 1400 years later

CBSE Notes For Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 1 Introduction What Where How And When

There are several sources of findings about the past. Historians use the information obtained from these sources to know about the lives of ancient people, including the food they ate and the different houses in which they lived. In this chapter, we will learn about where and how did people live, and about the various sources of knowing the past.

Finding The Past

There are various things that can be found about the past. For example, the food that people ate, the different kinds of clothes they wore, and the different kinds of houses in which they lived.

Information about the lives of hunters, herders, farmers, rulers, merchants, priests, craftsmen, artists, musicians, and scientists can also be found.

Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 1 Habitat Of People

• The people lived close to the banks of the Narmada River several hundred thousand years ago.
• Some of the earliest people were skilled gatherers i.e. the people who gathered food for themselves. They knew about the vast variety of plants and collected roots, fruits, and other forest produce for their food. They also hunted animals.
• In some areas of the Sulaiman and Kirthar hills to the northwest, women and men first began to grow crops such as wheat and barley about 8000 years ago.
• People also began rearing animals like sheep, goats, and cattle and lived in villages. Agriculture developed in the areas like the Garo hills to the North-East and the Vindhyas in central India. Rice was first grown in the area to the North of the Vindhyas.

Development of Cities: The Indus River and its tributaries were responsible for the development of the earliest cities about 4700 years ago.

• In the later period, nearly 2500 years ago, the cities were developed near the banks of the Ganga river and its tributaries, like the Son, Chambal, and Yamuna rivers, and along the sea coasts.
• The powerful Mahajanapada named Magadha (Now in Bihar) was located to the South of Ganga and its rulers were very powerful and set up a large kingdom. Kingdoms were also set up in other parts of the country.

The Purpose Of Travelling: Throughout the past, people traveled from one part of the subcontinent to another for various reasons as follows

• People traveled from one place to another in search of their livelihood, to escape from natural calamities (floods or droughts), and to conquer other lands.
• The merchants traveled from place to place with caravans or ships, carrying valuable goods.
• Religious teachers moved from one place to another to deliver their religious understanding to others.
• Some people also traveled with the spirit of adventure to find out new places.

All these led to the sharing of ideas between peoples and enriched the cultural traditions. For example, people have shared new ways of carving stones, composing music, and cooking food.

Hills, mountains, and seas form the natural frontiers of the sub-continent which sometimes makes the journeys of people difficult.

Names Of The Land: There are two words that are often used for our country-India and Bharata.

• The origin of the word ‘India’ comes from the name of the Indus River, which is known as Sindhu in Sanskrit.
• The Iranians and the Greeks, who came through the North-West about 2500 years ago, called the Indus the Hindos or the Indos. The land to the East of the Indos River was called India.
• The name Bharata was used for a group of people who lived in the North-West, and who are mentioned in the Rigveda, which was composed in Sanskrit about 3500 years ago. Later the word ‘Bharata’ was used for India.

Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 1 Finding Out About The Past

There are several sources for finding out about the past. Historians i.e. scholars who study the past, often use the word source to refer to the information found in manuscripts, inscriptions, and archaeology. Historians use all these sources to find out about the past.

Manuscripts: Manuscripts are books that were written long ago. The word manuscript comes from the Latin word ‘manu which means hand.

• Manuscripts were usually written on palm leaves or on specially prepared bark of a tree known as the birch, which grows in the Himalayas
• Many manuscripts are preserved in temples and monasteries² while some were destroyed.
• Manuscripts dealt with all kinds of subjects like religious beliefs and practices, the lives of kings, medicine and science, epics, poems, and plays.
• These books were written in Sanskrit, Prakrit (the language used by ordinary people), and Tamil.

 

Inscriptions:  This inscription dates to about 2250 years ago and was found in Kandahar, present-day Afghanistan. It was inscribed on the orders of a ruler named Ashoka.

This inscription was inscribed in two different scripts and languages, Greek and Aramaic, which were used in this area.

Archaeological Sources: Many objects were made and used in the past. Those who study these objects are called archaeologists.

 

• They study the remains of buildings made of stone and brick, paintings, and sculptures.
• Archaeologists explore and excavate (dig under the surface of the Earth) to find different objects like weapons, tools, pots, pans, ornaments, and coins.
• Some of these objects may be made of stones, bones, baked clay, or metal. Objects that are made of hard substances usually survive for a long time.
• Archaeological sources like bones of animals, birds, and fish give information regarding what people ate in the past.
• Plant remains are less likely to survive. If seeds of grain or pieces of wood have been burnt, they survive in a charred form.

Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 1 Different Pasts for Different People

• The past was different for different groups of people. For example, the lives of herders or farmers were different from those of kings and queens, the lives of merchants were different from those of crafts persons, etc.
• Even today, people follow different practices and customs in different parts of the country.
• For example, the people of the Andaman Islands get their food by fishing, hunting, and collecting forest produce while it is different for the people living in cities, who depend on others for supplies of food.
• Generally, the kings kept their records of victories, but the ordinary people such as hunters, fishing folk, and gatherers.
• Farmers or herders did not keep records of what they did. The archaeologists try to find out about life of the ordinary people through the objects found in the excavator

Meaning of Dates: All dates before the birth of Christ (The founder of Christianity) are counted backward and usually denoted with the letters BC which stands for Before Christ.

• Sometimes, AD is prefixed before dates which stands for Anno Domini. It means after the birth of Jesus Christ.
• Sometimes CE is used instead of AD which stands for Common Era and BCE instead of BC which stands for Before Common Era. Sometimes, the letters BP meaning Before Present are also used.

What Is Government

What Is a Government Fact To Remember

• Every country needs a government to make decisions to function.
• Providing basic facilities like water, electricity, transport, education, food supply, etc. is the government’s responsibility.
• The government also looks after international boundaries and maintains peaceful relations with other nations.
• The government makes laws for the welfare and citizens have to follow these.
• Government functions at different levels: National, State, and Local.
• There are different types of governments like monarchy, democracy, etc.
• In a democracy, it is the people who elect the representatives from among themselves. The government functions for their welfare.
• These days’ democracies are also called “representative democracies”. All adults are eligible to vote to elect the government.
• Monarchy is a rule by the hereditary king or queen and citizens have no right to make decisions.
• Earlier governments did not allow women, the poor, and the uneducated to vote. The suffragette movement in the 1920s gave women the right to vote.

What Is Government Keywords

Read and Learn More CBSE Solutions For Class 6 Social Science

What Is Government Exercises

Question 1. What do you understand by the word ‘government List five ways in which you think the government affects your daily life.

Answer:

By the word, ‘government’ we understand the organization which makes decisions and makes laws for the citizens of the country.

The five ways in which the government affects our daily lives are:

Question 2. Why do you think the government needs to make rules for everyone in the form of laws?

Answer:

The government needs to make rules for everyone in the form of laws because of the following reasons:

• The government wants to give advantages to the people’s welfare to all without discrimination.
• To provide equality and justice to all.
• To maintain peace.
• To administer the country efficiently.

Question 3. Name two essential features of a democratic government.

Answer:

Essential features of a democratic government:

• It is the government of the people, by the people, and for the people.
• People take part in decision-making and making laws through their elected representatives.

Question 4. What was the suffrage movement? What did it accomplish?

Answer:

The movement for voting rights to women was called the suffrage By this, the right to vote for women in many countries started. measures movement.

Question 5. Gandhiji strongly believed that every adult in India should be given the right to vote. However, a few people don’t share his views. They feel that illiterate people, who are mainly poor, should not be given the right to vote. What do you think? Do you think this would be a form of discrimination? Give five points to support your view and share these with the class.

Answer:

We think that all the people whether illiterate or literate, poor or rich, should have the right to vote.

Yes, we think that if the right to vote is denied to illiterate and poor people it will be a form of discrimination.

Five points to support our views:

1. Wealth is not the criterion of good judgment.
2. Illiterate or poor might have a strong character.
3. Government policies affect all.
4. Democracy talks of equality and justice for all.

Question 6. Can you list three things that the government does which have not been mentioned?

Answer:

• To provide drinking water.
• To give employment to the people.
• To arrange for housing facilities for the poor.

Question 7. Think of an example of another law. Why do you think it is important that people abide by this law?

Answer:

• We take an example of freedom to adopt religion.
• If any person is not allowed to enter a temple, he may go to court against the law, because it is his or her right to go to the temple, if he or she wants to go. (If he follows that religion)
• No one can deny him to do so.

Question 8. Who gives the government this power to make decisions and enforce laws?

Answer:

The power to make decisions and make laws lies in the form or type of government.

• In a democracy, it is the people. The people do this through elections.
• In a monarchy, the king or the queen has the power to make decisions and enforce laws. The monarch may have a small group of advisors to discuss matters but the final decision lies with the monarch.

Question 9. Do you think it is important for people to be involved in decisions that affect them? Give two reasons for your answer.

• Which type of government would you prefer to have in the place you live in? Why?
• Which of the statements below is correct? Correct those sentences that you think need correction.

1. In a monarchy, the country’s citizens are allowed to elect whomever they want.
2. In a democracy, a king has absolute powers to rule the country.
3. In a monarchy, people can raise questions about the decisions the monarch takes.

Answer:

1. Yes, people need to be involved in decisions that affect them. The reasons for them are:
   • The people are affected by price rises, if the prices of essential commodities are raised.
   • People are affected if their dwelling units are demolished. Hence they should be involved in the decision of the demolitions in advance.
2. We would prefer democracy as a form of government because we, ourselves, make decisions and make laws in a democracy through our elected representatives.
3. None of the statements are correct.

Correct statements are:

1. In a monarchy, the citizens are not allowed to elect whomever they want. It is based on heredity.
2. In a democracy, people have the power.
3. In a monarchy, people cannot raise questions about decisions taken by the monarch.

Question 10. Can you believe that there was a time when governments did not allow women and the poor to participate in elections?

Answer:

We believe that there was a time when women and the poor were not allowed to participate in elections:

1. In the earliest times, only land-owning or property-owning men could participate in the elections.
2. Only educated persons (men only) could participate in voting.
3. It means the following persons were not allowed to vote:
   • The women
   • The poor
   • The uneducated
   • Propertyless
4. It was generally before 1920.

Question 11. Look at the statements in the column on the left. Can you identify which level they belong to? Place the tick against the level you consider most appropriate.

Answer:

What Is Government Very Short Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Why is a person driving without a license jailed or fined a large amount of money?

Answer:

1. A person has to obtain a driver’s license if he wants to drive a vehicle.
2. If he does not possess his driving license he can be jailed or fined a huge amount of money as a penalty.
3. If a person does not know how to drive, he may hit a person on the road.

Question 2. If the people feel that a law is not easy to be followed, what can they do?

Answer:

They can go to court against the law.

Question 3. Name different levels at which the government works.

Answer:

Government works at three levels:

Question 4. What is UAF?

Answer:

Universal Adult Franchise means that all adults (18 or above) have a right to vote in the elections.

What Is Government Short Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Why are some rules to be made?

Answer:

Some rules are to be made that apply to all because of the following reasons:

1. To control resources.
2. To protect the boundaries of the country.
3. To secure the life of the people.

Question 2. How does a government function?

Answer:

Government functions at three levels—national, state, and local.

• It makes laws. All the citizens have to follow them.
• It can take decisions and enforce them.

Question 3. What are the two main features of a democracy?

Answer:

Main features of a Democracy:

1. People elect their leaders.
2. It is a rule by the people.
3. People participate in decision-making through their representatives.

Question 4. What is representative democracies?

Answer:

Representative democracies are those democracies in which people participate in the government through their elected representatives (Through the election process).

The representatives meet and make decisions for the entire population.

Question 5. Before Independence what was the voting system in India?

Answer:

Before independence, the voting system in India was:

• A small minority had the right to vote.
• They came together to determine the fate of the majority of the people.
• The final authority to make decisions was with the British (Indian) Government.

Question 6. Why were several people including Gandhiji shocked?

Answer:

• Several people including Gandhiji were shocked at the practice of minority voting right to make rules and regulations for the majority.
• They demanded that all adults should have the right to vote. This is called a universal adult franchise.

Question 7. What did Gandhiji write in the journal Young India in 1931?

Answer:

Writing in the journal Young India in 1931, Gandhiji said, “I cannot possibly bear the idea that a man who has got wealth should get the vote but a man who has got character but no wealth or literacy should have no vote.

What Is Government Long Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. What are two types of governments?

Answer:

Two types of governments are democratic and monarchy.

Question 2. What was the Suffragette movement?

Answer:

During the First World War, the movement for the right to vote for women was strengthened. This was known as suffragette.

• Women managed different kinds of work during this time.
• They demanded the right to vote.
• They chained themselves to railings in public places.
• Many went on hunger strikes and were imprisoned.
• Finally, America gave them voting rights in 1920 and the U.K. in 1928.

What Is Government Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

Question 1. What do governments do for their people?

1. Build the roads and schools
2. Supply the electricity
3. Take action on social issues
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 2. Which agency of the government does the job of protecting the boundaries of the country and maintaining peaceful relations with other countries?

1. Gram Panchayat
2. Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3. Ministry of Defence
4. Both (2) and (3)

Answer: 4. Both (2) and (3)

Question 3. What is an important part of the central government?

1. Courts
2. Private organizations
3. Public schools
4. Parliament

Answer: 4. Parliament

Question 4. At which level does a government work?

1. Local level
2. State level
3. National level
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 5. On which level does the Indian Government take the decision to maintain peaceful relations with the U.S.S.R.?

1. Local level
2. State level
3. Central level
4. None of these

Answer: 3. Central level

Question 6. Which type of government is chosen by the people?

1. Democratic Government
2. Dictatorship
3. Monarchy Government
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Democratic Government

Question 7. In which type of government do the kings or queens not have to explain the actions or decisions they take?

1. Democracy
2. Monarchy
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Monarchy

What Is Government Objective Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

(1). Government makes _________ for everyone to follow.

Answer: Laws

(2). The term ‘suffrage’ means ___________.

Answer: Right to vote

(3). _________ are also part of the government.

Answer: Courts

(4). Two types of governments are ____________ and ___________.

Answer: Democratic, Monarchy.

Question 2. State whether the given statements are true or false.

(1). Monarchy is a government chosen by the people of the country.

Answer: False

(2). Governments in the past allowed uneducated poor and women to vote.

Answer: False

(3). The local government works at the village, and town levels.

Answer: True

(4). Driving without a license is against the law.

Answer: True

Question 3. Match the content of Column A with that of Column B.

Answer: 1-(d), 2-(b), 3-(a), 4-(c)

The Earth In The Solar System Exercises

Question 1. Answer the following questions briefly:

1. How does a planet differ from a star?
2. What is meant by the ‘Solar System’?
3. Name all the planets according to their distance from the sun.
4. Why is the Earth called a unique planet?
5. Why do we see only one side of the moon always?
6. What is the Universe?

Answer:

(1). Difference between a Planet and a Star

(2). Meaning of Solar System: The celestial bodies consisting of the sun, its planets, satellites, asteroids, meteoroids and dust particles form the Solar System.

Read and Learn More CBSE Solutions For Class 6 Social Science

(3) Planets according to their distance from the sun:

1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. Earth
4. Mars
5. Jupiter
6. Saturn
7. Uranus
8. Neptune

(4) The Earth is called a unique planet because of the following reasons:

• Only the earth has conditions favourable for life; in the form of humans, animals and plants.
• Earth has favourable or suitable temperatures for life. It is neither too hot nor too cold.
• Earth’s surface has water and air. No other planet in the Solar System has water and air, essential for the survival of humans, plants and animals.
• Life-giving oxygen gas is found only on the earth.

(5) We see only one side of the moon always because ofthe following reasons:

• The moon revolves around the earth in 27 days.
• The moon spins on its axis exactly in 27 days.
• So, we see only one side of the moon always.

(6) Universe: We see millions and millions of stars, planets, satellites, asteroids, and meteoroids forming galaxies. Innumerable galaxies form the universe.

Question 2. Tick the correct answer.

(1) The planet known as the “Earth’s Twin” is

1. Jupiter
2. Saturn
3. Venus

Answer: 3. Venus

(2) Which is the third nearest planet to the sun?

1. Venus
2. Earth
3. Mercury

Answer: 2. Earth

(3) All the planets move around the sun in a

1. Circular path
2. Rectangular path
3. Elongated path

Answer: 3. Elongated path

(4) The Pole Star indicates the direction of the

1. South
2. North
3. East

Answer: 2. North

(5) Asteroids are found between the orbits of

1. Saturn and Jupiter
2. Mars and Jupiter
3. The Earth and Mars

Answer: 2. Mars and Jupiter

Question 3. Fill In The Blanks:

(1) A group of forming various patterns is called a ___________.

Answer: Stars; constellation

(2) A huge system of stars is called __________.

Answer: Galaxy

(3). ________ is the closest celestial body to our earth.

Answer: Moon

(4). __________ is the third nearest planet to the sun.

Answer: Earth

(5) Planets do not have their own _________ and ____________.

Answer: Heat; light

Question 4. During a vacation visit a planetarium and describe your experience in the class.

Answer: Things we saw at the planetarium.

1. Working model of the solar system.
2. Information regarding the number of days taken by planets for rotation and revolution.
3. Huge telescope.
4. A short movie on stars and galaxy.
5. Information about eclipses.

Question 5. Do you wonder why we can’t see the moon and all those bright tiny objects during the daytime?
Answer:

Because the light of the sun in the time is so bright that we cannot see these tiny bright shining objects in the night sky.

Question 6. What do animals and plants require to grow and survive?
Answer:

To grow and survive, animals and plants require heat and energy, oxygen, water and food.

Question 7. Has any Indian landed on the moon?
Answer:.

No Indian has ever landed on the moon. However, Indian astronaut Rakesh Sharma and Indian-American astronauts Kalpana Chawla and Sunita Williams have been to space; but they did not land on the moon.

Question 8. Do you see a whitish broadband, like a white glowing path across the sky on a clear starry night?
Answer:

Yes. A whitish broad band is like a white glowing path across the sky. It is a cluster of stars, known as the Milky Way. It is our galaxy.

The Earth In The Solar System Very Short Types Questions And Answers

Question 1 Why is Venus considered as ‘Earth’s Twin’?

Answer:

Venus is considered as ‘Earth’s Twin’. Because its size and shape are similar to that of the Earth.

Question 2. Why is the Earth called ‘Blue Planet?

Answer:

From the space, the earth looks blue because its two-thirds surface is covered with water. The earth is, therefore, called a Blue Planet.

Question 3. What is a constellation? What is the other name of the Saptarishi constellation?
Answer:

Constellation: In the night, the stars form various patterns and designs. A group of stars forming a particular design is called a constellation.

Saptarishi (design of Seven Stars) is one such constellation (Sapta-seven, rishi-sages). The constellation Saptarishi forms a part of Ursa Major, also called Small Bear.

Question 4. Why do the stars look so tiny and we do not get their heat and light?
Answer:

Stars seem tiny as they are very far away from us, and so we do not feel their heat and light.

Question 5. Which planet has now been termed a Dwarf planet’?
Answer:

Pluto has been termed a dwarf planet by the International Astronomical Union.

Question 6. Define a Geoid.
Answer:

A geoid is a sphere with its ends flattened at the poles.

Question 7. What is the distance between the earth and the moon?
Answer:

Moon is about 3,84,400 km away from Earth.

Question 8. How is the universe formed?
Answer:

Many galaxies like the Milky Way combine to form the universe.

Question 9. How can we locate the position of the Pole Star with the help of the Saptarishi constellation?
Answer:

An imaginary line, passing through pointer stars, always points towards a pole star. Thus we can locate the position of the pole star by this line which passes through the pointer stars.

Question 10. Which is the biggest member of the solar system? Discuss it.

Answer:

The sun is the biggest member of the solar system. It is about 150 million km away from Earth. It is in the centre of the solar system. It is made of extremely hot gases and is the source of all heat and light (energy).

It is a million times larger than our Earth. It is the source of the pulling force that binds the solar system. The earth would be cold and lifeless without solar energy.

Question 11. How does the moon appear different each night?

Answer:

The moon revolves around the Earth. Its position about the sun changes every day. It has no light of its own, it only reflects the light of the sun.

The moon neither decreases nor increases, in reality, it only appears changed because of differences in light falling on it every day.

Question 12. What is an orbit?

Answer:

All the planets of the solar family revolve around the sun in elongated paths, known as orbit.

Question 13. Why does the moon not have conditions favourable for life?

Answer:

The moon does not have conditions favourable for life because of the following reasons:

It has neither water nor air.

Question 14. Why do we see shadows on the moon?

Answer:

1. The moon has mountains, plateaus, plains and depressions on its surface.
2. In the reflected light on the earth, these features look like shadows. Hence, we see shadows on the surface of the moon.

The Earth In The Solar System Short Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Write the major features of the moon.

Answer:

The moon is the only natural satellite of the earth.

Question 2. State some characteristics of stars.

Answer:

Question 3. What are the characteristics of some of the celestial bodies like the earth and the moon?

Answer:

Some of the celestial bodies like the earth and the moon do not have their heat and light. They only reflect the light of the sun.

• The earth is a planet of the sun.
• Whereas the moon is a satellite of the earth.

Question 4. What is a galaxy?

Answer:

A galaxy is a huge system of stars, clouds of dust and gases. The white glowing path of stars across the sky is called the Milky Way galaxy.

We in India call it Akash Ganga. It has millions of stars very close to one another. Many galaxies make up the Universe.

Question 5. Name the largest and the smallest planets. Which planets are bigger and which are smaller than the Earth?

Answer:

Question 6. How would the earth be affected if it is taken:

1. Too nearer or
2. Too far from the Sun?

Answer:

1. If the earth is taken too near to the sun, its temperature will grow higher since it will get a greater amount of heat. It will become unfit for habitation as it would be a hot desert.
2. If the earth is taken too far from the sun its temperature will fall. It will get a lesser amount of heat. It would become an ice-bound desert; and would be unfit
   for human habitation.

Question 7. Which two planets are closest to the sun? Write about them.

Answer:

Mercury is the nearest and closest planet to the sun. It takes about 88 days to complete its revolution around the sun. It is very hot and is the smallest planet.

Venus is the second closest and is called “earth’s.twin”. It is very similar to Earth in shape and size.

Question 8. What is the position of our planet, the earth, in our solar system?

Answer:

The Earth is the third nearest planet to the sun. Based on its size it is the fifth largest planet. It is slightly flattened at the poles, and has a bulge on the equator, it is described as a Geoid.

Long Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Distinguish between a Satellite? and a Star.

Answer:

Distinction between a satellite and a star:

Question 2. Differentiate between a Planet and a Satellite.

Answer:

Difference between a Planet and a Satellite:

Question 3. Describe asteroids and meteoroids.

Answer:

Question 4. Explain some features of the earth.

Answer:

Question 5. Describe the sun and its planets with the help of a diagram.

Answer:

The Earth In The Solar System Multiple Choice Questions Answers

Question 1. What are celestial bodies?

1. The sun
2. The Moon
3. All the shining bodies in the sky
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 2. The celestial bodies which, have their heat and light are called:

1. Planets
2. Stars
3. Satellites
4. All of these

Answer: 2. Stars

Question 3. The celestial bodies which do not have their heat and light but are lit by the light of the stars are named as:

1. Stars
2. Planets
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Planets

Question 4. The word ‘planet’ has been derived from the word ‘planetai’ which is a:

1. Latin word
2. German word
3. Greek word
4. English word

Answer: 3. Greek word

Question 5. The earth is called a unique planet as:

1. It is neither too hot nor too cold
2. There is the presence of air and water
3. It has oxygen, light and supporting gases
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 6. The earth is called a blue planet because of the presence of:

1. Water
2. Deserts
3. Mountains
4. Plateau

Answer: 1. Water

Question 7. How many days moon take to revolve around the Earth?

1. 29 days
2. 30 days
3. 27 days
4. 31 days

Answer: 3. 27 days

Question 8. Meteoroids are made up of:

1. Dust
2. Pieces of rocks
3. Gases
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Pieces of rocks

Question 9. What is called a cluster of millions of stars, shining white in the starry sky?

1. Stars
2. Planets
3. Milky Way galaxy
4. Satellites

Answer: 3. Milky Way galaxy

Question 10. What makes the universe?

1. Millions of galaxies
2. Millions of stars
3. Earth
4. Satellites

Answer: 1. Millions of galaxies

The Earth In The Solar System Objective Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

(1). The Saptarishi constellation is also known as _________ constellation.

Answer: Small bear

(2). The Pole star indicates the ___________ direction.

Answer: North

(3). Asteroids are found between the orbits of ___________ and ___________.

Answer: Mars and Jupiter

(4). The Hindi word for full moon night is _________ and new moonlight is called ________.

Answer: Poornima and Amavasya

(5). ________ has recently been described as a dwarf planet.

Answer: Pluto

(6). ___________, ___________ and __________ have rings around them.

Answer: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus.

Question 2. Match the contents of Column A with Column B.

Answer: (1)-(c), (2)-(d), (3)-(b), (4)-(a), (5)-(f), (6)-(e)

Question 3. State whether the given statements are true or false.

(1). All the planets revolve around the sun in a fixed circular path.

Answer: False

(2). Moon does not have conditions favourable for life.

Answer: True

(3). The Sun is a star.

Answer: True

(4). Earth is the only planet to have artificial satellites.

Answer: True

(5). Geoid shape is a perfect sphere.

Answer: False

Maps

Maps Facts To Remember

• Three components of maps are — distance, direction and symbols.
• Symbols are used to show features like roads, bridges, railways etc.
• Maps provide more information than a globe.

Maps Keywords

Read and Learn More CBSE Solutions For Class 6 Social Science

Maps Exercises

Question 1. Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What are the three components of a map?
2. What are the four cardinal directions?
3. What do you mean by the term ‘the scale of the map’?
4. How are maps more helpful than a globe?
5. Distinguish between a map and a plan.
6. Which map provides detailed information?
7. How do symbols help in reading maps?

Answer:

(1) Three components of a map.

1. Distance
2. Direction
3. Symbols

(2) Four cardinal directions:

1. North
2. South
3. East
4. West

(3). The Scale of the Map:

The ratio between the distance on the paper and the actual distance on the ground is defined as the scale of the map.

Example: 1 cm = 5 kms.

• It means the distance on the paper between two points is 1 cm.
• The distance on the ground (actual distance) is 5 km.
• 1 cm distance on the paper represents a 5 km distance on the ground.

(4). Maps are more helpful than globe because of the following reasons:

1. Globe cannot be used in all conditions.
2. Globe can be used only when we want to study the whole Earth.
3. It cannot be used when we want to study a village, road, building etc.
4. Maps are used in the study of features more minutely.
   • It contains innumerable facts.
   • Maps can be found in the form of an Atlas.
   • Maps provide more information than the Globe.

(5). Distinction between a map and a plan.

(6). Large-scale maps provide detailed information. They show small areas on a large scale.

(7) With the use of symbols maps are more informative and easier to read because of the following reasons:

• By symbols, we can easily recognise the places such as: -rivers, temples, mosques, trees, etc.
• Language does not put any problem in understanding the feature.
• Even the less educated can understand the information easily.

Question 2. Match the correct answer:

(1) Maps showing the distribution of forests are:

1. Physical map
2. Thematic map
3. Political map

Answer: 2. Thematic map

(2) The blue colour is used for showing:

1. Water bodies
2. Mountains
3. Plains

Answer: 1. Water bodies

(3) A compass is used

1. To show symbols
2. To find the main direction
3. To measure distance

Answer: 2. To find the main direction

(4) A scale is necessary

1. For a map
2. For a sketch
3. For symbols.

Answer: 1. For a map

Map Very Short Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. What are the limitations of a globe?

Answer:

• Globe is of little help when we want to study only a part of the earth, about our country, states; districts, towns and villages.
• Globe is not easy to handle.

Question 2. What is an atlas?

Answer:

A collection of maps is an atlas.

Question 3. What is a north line?

Answer:

An arrow marked with the letter N at the upper right-hand comer of a map is called the north line.

Question 4. Which instrument helps to find direction?

Answer:

The instrument is called a compass.

Maps Short Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. What is a map? Describe its major features.

Answer:

Question 2. How are different physical features shown on the map?

Answer:

Symbols and colours are used to show physical features.

For example, brown colour for mountains, blue colour for water bodies, green colour for forests.

Question 3. Define Sketch.

Answer:

Question 4. What is a Plan?

Answer:

Question 5. Describe various types of maps.

Answer:

Maps are of various types. They are:

Question 6. Explain the two types of maps based on scale.

Answer:

Question 7. How are directions known?

Answer:

Directions are known by the following ways:

1. Maps contain an arrow marked with the letter ‘N’ on the upper right side.
   • This arrow shows the North direction.
   • It is called the north line, with this one can find out other directions For Example. north, east, west and south are called cardinal points.
   • The other four intermediate directions are North-East (NE), South-East (SE), South-West (SW) and North-West (NW).
   • One can locate any place more accurately with the help of these intermediate directions.
2. One can also know the directions with the help of a compass.

Maps Long Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. How is the distance measured? Define a scale.

Answer:

1. Maps reduce the entire world or its parts to fit on a sheet of paper.
2. But this reduction is done very carefully so that the distance between the places Eire kept true.
   • By reduction of the map, a small distance on paper represents a large distance on the ground.
   • To reduce a map, a scale is chosen.
3. Scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map.
   • The distance between the school and home of the student is 10 km. If he shows this 10 km distance by 2 cm on the map, it means, 1 cm on the map will show 5 km on the ground. Thus the scale will be 1 cm = 5 km.
   • Scales are used for measuring distances.

For example, to find out the distance between the post office and the clock tower, one can measure the distance between these points on the map and calculate the actual distance as per the scale.

Question 2. What are symbols? Why do we need them?

Answer:

Maps Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

Question 1. What is a map?

1. A globe
2. A drawing of the earth’s surface on a flat paper according to scale
3. A projection
4. None of these

Answer: 2. A drawing of the earth’s surface on a flat paper according to scale

Question 2. What is a physical map?

1. Showing natural features of the earth such as mountains, rivers etc.
2. Showing cities, towns and villages with boundaries
3. Showing rainfall, distribution of forests etc.
4. None of the above

Answer: 1. Showing natural features of the earth such as mountains, rivers etc.

Question 3. Which map gives more information?

1. Small scale map
2. Large scale map
3. Ordinary map
4. None of the above

Answer: 2. Large-scale map

Question 4. What does ‘N’ with the arrow show?

1. Direction of North
2. Direction of East
3. Direction of West
4. Direction of South

Answer: 1. Direction of North

Question 5. The blue colour is used for showing

1. Mountains
2. Plants and trees
3. Water
4. None of the above

Answer: 3. Water

Question 6. A scale is compulsory for

1. A map
2. A sketch
3. A symbol
4. All of these

Answer: 1. A map

Question 7. For what purpose magnetic compass is used?

1. For measuring distance
2. For showing symbols
3. To find the directions
4. For all of these

Answer: 3. For finding the directions

Question 8. The plan is a drawing of

1. A small area on a large scale
2. Large area on a small scale
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Small area on a large scale

Question 9. Yellow colour is used for showing

1. Plateau
2. Water bodies
3. Mountains
4. Plants

Answer: 1. Plateau

Maps Objective Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

(1). We need a _________ to study earth as a whole.

Answer: Globe

(2). There are _________ intermediate directions.

Answer: Four

(3). __________ colour is used to show plateaus.

Answer: Yellow

(4). ________ is used to show post and telegraph office on the map.

Answer: P.T.O

Question 2. Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B.

Answer: 1-(f), 2-(d), 3-(e), 4-(c), 5-(a), 6-(b)

Question 3. State whether the given statements are true or false.

(1). A scale is not compulsory for a map.

Answer: False

(2). Small-scale maps are used to show continents and oceans.

Answer: True

(3). Plan does not require a scale.

Answer: False

(4). Green colour on maps indicates hills.

Answer: False

Understanding Diversity

Understanding Diversity Facts to Remember

Aspects like looks, behavior, culture, religion, and language; distinguish people from each other.

• Diversity means a lack of uniformity.
• Inequality comes from having different access to resources and opportunities.
• Caste, religion, financial status, education, etc. are different forms of inequalities.
• India is a land of diversities geographical, cultural, religious, and regional.
• People differ in customs, religions, languages, habits, dress, etc.
• Despite these diversities, some similarities unite us.
• During the freedom struggle the whole country was united despite diversities.
• Our flag reminds us of our unity in diversity.
• Our national anthem also reminds us of our unity in diversity.

Understanding Diversity Keywords

Understanding Diversity Exercises

Question 1. Draw up a list of the different festivals celebrated in your locality. Which of these celebrations are shared by members of different regional and religious communities?

Read and Learn More CBSE Solutions For Class 6 Social Science

Answer:

Different festivals celebrated in our locality which are shared by members of different regional and religious communities:

National festivals like Republic Day, Independence Day, or Gandhi Jayanti are celebrated by all.

Most of the Hindu festivals are celebrated by Jains also.

Question 2. What do you think living in India with its rich heritage of diversity adds to your life?

Answer:

Yes, living in India with its rich heritage of diversity adds to our life in the following ways:

1. We know different people, their cultures, customs, traditions, and backgrounds. These diverse things add to our life.
2. Geographical diversities decide our way of life, our food, our occupations, and many other things.
3. South Indian meals like Dosa and idli, add to my meal.
4. Punjabi meals like Chhole Bhature, and Lassi, which I take occasionally.

Question 3. Do you think the term ‘unity in diversity’ is an appropriate term to describe India? What do you think Nehru is trying to say about Indian unity in the sentence quoted above from his book The Discovery of India?

Answer:

Yes, we think that the term ‘unity in diversity’ is an appropriate term to describe India.

Diversities:

1. Geographical diversities like different physical features, climates, vegetation, rivers, and lakes.
2. Cultural diversities like different languages, religions, communities, customs, traditions, festivals, rituals, etc.

Despite all these diversities, there is unity among the people.

• We are one.
• We stood against the British and threw the mighty empire by adopting Ahimsa and other means.
• All the people, belonging to various regions, are one when the country’s interests are involved.
• In natural disasters, we, wholeheartedly, are with them in their sufferings.

Question 4. Underline the line in the poem sung after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, which according to you, reflects India’s essential unity.

Answer:

According to me, the following line reflects India’s essential unity:

“O, friend!

The blood of Hindus and Muslims flows together today.”

Question 5. Choose another region in India and do a similar study of the historical and geographical factors that influence the diversity found there. Are these historical and geographical factors connected? How?

Answer:

We choose Assam and Maharashtra in India.

Both areas are diverse but traditionally they are the same.

Question 6. How did India become like this?
Answer:

Question 7. Are all kinds of differences a part of diversity?

Answer:

Yes.

Question 8. Can diversity also be a part of unity?

Answer:

Yes, diversity can also be a part of unity.

Question 9. By now you must have recognized the many ways in which you are quite like some of your classmates and other ways in which you are different from them.

Answer:

We are quite like some of our classmates in the following ways:

1. We wear the same uniform.
2. We speak the same language.
3. We like cricket the most.

We are different from others in the following ways:

1. We do not like Mahatma Gandhi in the same ways as other boys.
2. Our favorite festivals are different.
3. We do not study and do homework in the same way as others do.

Question 10. Name three ways in which Samir Ek and Samir Do were different. Did these differences prevent them from becoming friends?

Answer:

Samir Ek and Samir Do were different in the following three ways:

1. Samir Ek knew English, and Samir Do spoke in Hindi. He did not attend school.
2. Samir Ek is Hindu; while Samir Do is Muslim.
3. Samir Ek was a student while Samir Do was a newspaper hawker.

No, these differences did not prevent them from becoming friends; because emotional bonds may bind them together and may make them friends.

Question 11. Make a list of the festivals that might have been celebrated by the two boys.

Samir Ek:

Samir Do:

Can you think of a situation in which you made friends with someone very different from you? Write a story that describes this.

Answer:

Yes, we can think of a situation in which we made Mends with someone very different from us.

Now the students can tell a story of this event themselves.

Question 12. Why do you think Samir Do did not attend school? Do you think it would have been easy for him to attend school if he wanted to? In your opinion is it a fair situation that some children get to go to school and others don’t?

Answer:

1. Samir Do did not attend school due to the following reasons:
   • He had to earn his livelihood and for his mother.
   • His mother does not have sufficient money to send him to school.
2. Yes, we think that he could have attended—school though not very easily, for the following reasons:
   • After selling newspapers he had enough time to attend school in the evening shift.
   • He would have been able to save some rupees to meet our expenses for his studies.
   • He had enough time to study at night.
3. In my opinion, it is not a fair situation that some children get to go to school and others do not.
   • Every child must go to school.

Question 13. Make a list of the food that you have eaten from different parts of India.

Make a list of the languages besides your mother tongue that you can speak at least one or two words of.

Answer:

List of foods, I have eaten, from different parts of India:

List of languages besides my mother tongue, I can speak:

1. Hindi
2. Punjabi
3. English

I can speak two words of the following languages:

Tamil and Chinese

Question 14. Do you think you will enjoy living in a place like this? List five different things that you would miss the most if you lived here.

Answer:

No.

List of five things I will miss:

1. Friends
2. Good food
3. Relatives
4. City environment
5. Schools and Colleges.

Question 15. List at least three different ways in which people in India do the following: One of the possible answers has been provided for you already.

Answer:

Question 16. Look at the map of India in Atlas and locate Kerala and Ladakh. Can you list three ways in which the different geographical locations of these two regions would influence the following?

1. The food people eat:
2. The clothes they wear:
3. The work they do:

Answer:

Yes, we can list three ways in which the different geographical locations of these two regions (Kerala and Ladakh) would influence:

Question 16. Do you know the story of the Indian Flag?

Answer:

Yes, the story of the Indian Flag is very interesting.

• Initially same flag, being used now, was adopted as the national flag in the Lahore session of 1929, by the Congress. But that flag had Charkha in the center, instead of Chakra which is being used now.
• The national flag underwent several changes
• At last, the present flag came into being.

Question 17. India’s national anthem, composed by Rabindranath Tagore, is another expression of the unity of India. In what way does the national anthem describe this unity?

Answer:

By reading the National Anthem it is revealed that it describes all the regions and people as one and as a part of one nation-India such as:

Punjab, Gujarat, Maratha, Dravid, Utkal, Banga.

Understanding Diversity Very Short Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. How is India a country of diversity?

Answer:

India is a land of diversities because of the following:

1. People speak different languages.
2. They eat different types of foods.
3. They celebrate different festivals.
4. They practice different religions.

Question 2. What things are common in India?

Answer:

1. National flag
2. National song
3. National symbols
4. Common culture

Question 3. Which religions are practiced in Kerala?

Answer:

Judaism, Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism are practiced in Kerala.

Question 4. What was the importance of our flag during the freedom struggle?

Answer:

The Indian flag was used as a symbol of protest against British rule.

Understanding Diversity Short Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. How was unity in diversity seen during the British rule in India?

Answer:

The people of India have diverse cultures, customs, traditions and backgrounds.

1. British took advantage of this diversity and ruled India for 200 years.
2. However, the diverse people rose against the British as one nation. They showed unity in diversity and threw their rule from India.
   • Men and women from different cultures, customs, and traditions together to oppose the British.
   • They took part in the freedom struggle.
   • They went to jail together.
3. Ultimately they uprooted the British Empire from India and attained freedom in 1947.

Question 2. India has a diverse cultural, religious, and geographical background. In what other terms people are different? Explain with an example.

Answer:

There is a difference between the ‘haves’ and ‘have rugs’ in society.

1. Some people have resources, luxuries, and opportunities while others do not have them at all.
2. The caste system is another example of social inequality. People are divided based on work done by them. Some people are considered untouchables.

Question 3. From where do people get their ideas for writing stories?

Answer:

People who write stories get ideas from all sorts of different places such as

1. Books
2. Real life
3. Their imagination.

People living in forests chose to write about their fights and friendships with animals.

• Others wrote stories about love and honour describing kings and queens.
• Some people wrote their childhood memories of school and friends.

Question 4. What does Jawahar Lai Nehru say in his book, ‘Discovery of India’ about unity in diversity?

Answer:

Jawahar Lai Nehru says that Indian unity is not imposed from the outside.

• It is something deeper.
• People practice the widest tolerance of beliefs and customs.
• Nehru described the country, as “unity in diversity.”

Understanding Diversity Long Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. How do we explain diversity?

Answer:

Diversity means dissimilarities.

• Dissimilarity may be in food, culture, religion, language, dress, etc.
• In our country, we have a variety of cultures, languages, food, religions etc.
• Diversity occurs when people travel to different destinations within or outside the country.
• Their language, choice of food, music, etc. change. This inter-mixing of cultures and traditions gives rise to diversity.
• Diversity may also occur due to different geographical conditions.

Question 2. Compare life in two different parts of country-Kerala and Ladakh.

Answer:

Life in two different parts of the country:

Understanding Diversity Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

Question 1. To which caste does Samir Ek belong?

1. Muslim
2. Hindu
3. Sikh
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Hindu

Question 2. Which language does Samir speak?

1. English
2. Hindi
3. Sanskrit
4. Tamil

Answer: 2. Hindi

Question 3. What does Samir do?

1. Goes to school
2. Sell newspapers
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Sell newspapers

Question 4. From which religion does Samir Do belong?

1. Hindu
2. Muslim
3. Sikh
4. Christian

Answer: 2. Muslim

Question 5. On which source do the people of Ladakh depend for drinking water?

1. Rivers
2. Sea
3. Melting of snow
4. None of these

Answer: 3. Melting of snow

Question 6. Which region/state produces the pashmina wool?

1. Ladakh
2. Jamshedpur
3. Kolkata
4. Delhi

Answer: 1. Ladakh

Question 7. What is dzos?

1. A type of yak-cow
2. A type of dog
3. A type of goat
4. A type of cat

Answer: 1. A type of yak-cow

Question 8. Name the religion that reached Tibet via Ladakh.

1. Jainism
2. Buddhism
3. Muslims
4. Sikhs

Answer: 2. Buddhism

Question 9. The utensil used for frying cheena-vala is called

1. Fry-pan
2. Cheenachatti
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. None of these

Answer: 2. cheenachatti

Question 10. Which is the major product grown in Kerala?

1. Wool
2. Spices like clove
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Spices like clove

Question 11. While the British ruled India, women and men from different regions, and cultural faith came together for

1. Helping them
2. Opposing them
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. None of these

Answer: 2. opposing them

Understanding Diversity Objective Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

(1). Pashmina shawls are woven at ___________.

Answer: Himadri

(2). Life of Muslims is described in a travelogue written by ________.

Answer: Vindhyas, Satpuras

(3). Yak-cows are also called __________.

Answer: India, China

(4). _______ and _________ traders visited Kerala and Ladakh.

Answer: 2933 km

(5). Corals are _______ of polyps.

Answer: skeletons.

Question 2. Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B.

Answer: 1-(d), 2-(e), 3-(c), 4-(a), 5-(b), 6-(f)

Question 3. State whether the following statements are true or false.

(1). Peninsular plateau is triangular.

Answer: True

(2). The Great Indian Desert lies to the east of India.

Answer: False

(3). Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located in the Bay of Bengal.

Answer: True

(4). Sun rises 3 hours earlier in the east (Arunachal Pradesh) than in the west (Gujarat).

Answer: False

(5). Eastern ghats are also known as Sahyadris.

Answer: False

Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Exercises

Question 1. Answer the following questions briefly:

1. What is the true shape of the earth?
2. What is a globe?
3. What is the latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer?
4. What are the three heat zones of the Earth?
5. What are the parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude?
6. Why does the torrid zone receive the maximum amount of heat?
7. Why is it 5.30 p.m. in India and noon in London?

Answer:

(1). The true shape of the earth is a geoid-earth-like shape. In other words, it is orange-shaped.

(2). Globe: A Globe is a three-dimensional model of the earth which shows the earth in its actual shape, with all continents, and oceans marked at their respective places.

(3). 231/2° N.

(4). (1). Torrid Zone, (2). Temperate Zone, (3). Frigid Zone.

(5) Parallels of Latitudes and Meridians of Longitudes:

• Parallels of Latitudes:
  • All the imaginary parallel circles from the equator to the poles are called parallels of latitudes.
• Meridians of Longitudes:
  • All the imaginary semi-circles that join the north pole to the south pole are termed meridians of longitudes.

Read and Learn More CBSE Solutions For Class 6 Social Science

(6) The Torrid Zone receives the maximum amount of heat because for the following reasons:

• The sun shines perpendicularly between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn throughout the year.
• Perpendicular sun rays give more heat than slanting sun rays.

(7) It is 5.30 p.m. in India when it is noon in London* because of the following reasons:

• London is located at 0° longitude while a time of 82 1/2° E longitude is taken as standard time in India.
• There is a difference of 82 1/2° between the longitude of London and the Standard Meridian of India (82 1/2° E).
• Time in India is ahead of London. The time difference is 4 minutes ahead at every longitude towards the east.
• Hence time in India is ahead of London by 5.30 hours (4 x 82 1/2 = 330 minutes or 5.30 hours).

Question 2. Match the correct answers.

(1). The value of the prime meridian is

1. 90°
2. 0°
3. 60°

Answer: 2. 0°

(2). The frigid zone lies near

1. The Poles
2. The Equator
3. The Tropic of Cancer

Answer: 1. The Poles

(3). The total number of longitudes are

1. 360
2. 180
3. 90

Answer: 1. 360

(4). The Antarctic Circle is located in

1. The Northern hemisphere
2. The Southern hemisphere
3. The Eastern hemisphere

Answer: The Southern hemisphere

(5). Grid is a network of

1. Parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitudes
2. The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
3. The North Pole and the South Pole.

Answer: Parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitudes

Question 3. Fill in the blanks:

(1). The Tropic of Capricorn is located at ___________.

Answer: 23 1/2° South of equator

(2). The Standard Meridian of India is ____________.

Answer: 82 1/2° E

(3). The 0° Meridian is also known as _________.

Answer: Prime Meridian or Greenwich Line

(4). The distance between the longitudes decreases towards __________.

Answer: Poles

(5). The Arctic Circle is located in the ________ hemisphere.

Answer: Northern

Question 4. How to locate a place on it (the Earth or Globe)?

Answer:

If we want to locate a place on the globe we have to do the following exercise:

• First, we have to know the latitude and longitude of that place.
• Now we draw the meridian and parallel of latitude of that place based on its longitude and latitude.
• For example, Dhubri in Assam is situated at 26° N latitude and 90°E longitude.
• The point where these meridian and parallel latitudes intersect themselves will be the location of that place.

Question 5. How many Torrid and Temperate Zones are there on the earth?

Answer:

On the earth,

1. There is only one Torrid Zone lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
2. There are two separate zones.
   • North Temperate Zone lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere.
   • South Temperate Zone lies between the Tropic of Capricorn and Antarctic Circle in the Southern Hemisphere.

Question 6. Do all longitudes meet at the same place?

Answer:

Yes, all the longitudes meet at the North Pole and South Pole. They are semicircles.

Question 7. Find out the location of different circles.

Answer:

Question 8. Do you know what is the time difference between India and England?

Answer:

The time difference between India and England is 5.30 hours.

1. If it is noon in England, it is 5.30 p.m. in India; because time is ahead in India than in England by 5.30 hours.
2. This can be calculated in the following manner:
   • Difference between 0° longitude and 82 1/2° E longitude = 82W
   • Time in the East is ahead by 4 minutes on passing every meridian
   • Hence time ahead 82 1/2 x 4 = 330 minutes or 5.30 hours.

Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Very Short Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Define a latitude.

Answer:

All the (imaginary) circular lines from the equator on both sides (North and South) are called latitude. Latitudes are 10° to 90° north of the equator and 10° to 90° south of the equator.

Question 2. What are the latitudes of North and South Poles?

Answer:

The distance between the North Pole and the South Pole from the equator is 90°. So, the latitude of the North Pole is 90° N and that of the South Pole is 90° S.

Question 3. What is the difference between the Parallels of Latitude and the Meridians of Longitude?

Answer:

The difference between the Parallels of Latitude and the Meridians of Longitude is given below:

Question 4. How is the globe advantageous?

Answer:

Globe is smaller in shape and is easy to carry and use. It shows the correct size of the earth on a small scale, and all its features too.

Question 5. Which two islands are on the same latitude i.e., 20° S?

Answer:

The two islands are Mauritius in the Indian Ocean and Tonga islands in the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 6. Which two places are on the same latitude but in different hemispheres?

Answer:

The two places are Chandrapur in Maharashtra at 20° N and Belo Horizonte in Brazil at 20° S.

Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Short Types Questions And Answers

Question 1. What are the different types of globes?

Answer:

1. A globe is a three-dimensional model representing the true shape of the Earth.
2. Globes are of various sizes and types:
   • Big Size Globe. Cannot be carried easily.
   • Small Pocket Globe
   • Balloon Like Globe. They can be inflated and are handy and carried with ease.

Question 2. Define local time.

Answer:

Local Time:

1. Local time is calculated by the position of the sun at noon in a given place.
2. It is based on the local meridian passing through that place.
3. The places lying North and South on the same meridian will have the same local time. On the other hand, the places lying East or West of that meridian have different local times.

Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Long Type Questions And And Answers

Question 1. Describe important parallels of latitudes.

Answer:

Important Parallels.

Equator:

• The Equator is the longest parallel running in the East-West direction.
• It is a great circle.

Tropic of Cancer:

It is parallel to 23 1/2° N in the Northern Hemisphere.

Tropic of Capricorn:

It is parallel to 23 1/2° S in the Southern Hemisphere.

Arctic Circle:

It lies at 66 1/2° north of the equator.

Antarctic Circle:

It lies at 66 1/2° south of the equator.

90° Parallel:

• It is shown by a point.
• Its length is zero.

North Pole:

It is at 90° north of the equator.

South Pole:

It is at 90° south of the equator.

Question 2. Describe major heat zones of the Earth.

Answer:

Question 3. Explain the major features of meridians.

Answer:

 

Question 4. Try to identify the latitudes and longitudes of the points given in the following grid.

Answer:

Question 5. How do longitudes help us in calculating time?

Answer:

Question 6. What is Standard Time?

Answer:

Question 7. Kabeer lives in a small town near Bhopal. He tells his friend Alok that they will not be able to sleep tonight. A day and night cricket match between India and England had started at 2 p.m. in London. This means that the match would finish well after 1 a.m. in the night. The match according to Indian Standard Time (IST) started at 7.30 p.m. Do you know what is the time difference between India and England?

Answer:

1. Vindhyachal (Mirzapur Distt., U.P.)—India is located east of Greenwich at 82°30′ E. Its time is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich (London) (The GMT).
2. So it will be 5.30 p.m. in India when it is noon in London.
3. When the cricket match starts in London at 2 p.m.; the time in India will be 7.30 p.m. at that time.
4. Kabeer will not be able to sleep early that night because the match will be seen in India during the night.

Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

Question 1. What is a globe?

1. Earth
2. A true model of the earth
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. None of these

Answer: 2. True model of the earth

Question 2. Which of the following are shown on the globe in their true comparative size?

1. Countries
2. Continents
3. Oceans
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 3. What is called a needle fixed through the globe in a tilted manner?

1. Orbit
2. Axis
3. Latitude
4. Longitude

Answer: 2. Axis

Question 4. What divides the earth into the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere?

1. Tropic of Capricorn
2. Tropic of Cancer
3. Equator
4. Arctic Circle

Answer: 3. Equator

Question 5. Between which parallels of latitudes is the Torrid Zone situated?

1. Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
2. Tropic of Cancer and Arctic Circle
3. Tropic of Capricorn and Antarctic Circle
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn

Question 6. Which of the following zones is situated between 66°30′ S and the poles?

1. Torrid Zone
2. Temperate Zone
3. Frigid Zone
4. All of these

Answer: 3. Frigid Zone

Question 7. What divides the earth into the eastern and the western hemispheres?

1. Equator
2. Prime Meridian
3. 82° 30′ E
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Prime Meridian

Question 8. In which ocean are Tonga Islands situated?

1. Indian Ocean
2. Atlantic Ocean
3. Pacific Ocean
4. None of these

Answer: 3. Pacific Ocean

Question 9. Which place is located at the intersection of 26° N and 90° E?

1. Dhubri
2. Mauritius
3. Tonga
4. Meerut

Answer: 1. Dhubri

Question 10. What time does Earth take, to rotate one-degree longitude?

1. 4 minutes
2. 15 minutes
3. 10 minutes
4. None of these

Answer: 1. 4 minutes

Question 11. What is the time difference between the time of Dwarka in Gujarat and the time of Dibrugarh in Assam?

1. 2 hours
2. 1 hour and 30 minutes
3. 1 hour and 45 minutes
4. 5 hours and 30 minutes

Answer: 3. 1 hour and 45 minutes

Question 12. The time of India is ahead of that of England by

1. 2 hours
2. 5 hours and 30 minutes
3. 3 hours
4. None of these

Answer: 2. 5 hours and 30 minutes

Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Objective Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

(1). Earth has been divided into _________ time zone of __________ hours each.

Answer: 24, 1

(2). Tropic of __________ passes through India.

Answer: Cancer

(3). There are ___________ time zones as we move away from the equator.

Answer: 11(eleven)

(4). Latitude _________ in size as we move away from the equator.

Answer: Decreases

(5). India is _________ ahead of GMT.

Answer: % hours and 30 minutes

(6). Globe is a true model of the _________

Answer: Earth

Question 2. Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B:

Answer: 1-(c), 2-(d), 3-(a), 4-(e), 5-(f), 6-(b)

Question 3. State whether the given statements are true or false:

(1). The difference between GMT and any place at 180° longitude would be 12 hours.

Answer: True

(2). Rotation of the earth on its axis is from east to west.

Answer: False

(3). The axis of the earth is tilted as shown in the globe.

Answer: Ture

(4). Poles lie in the temperate zones.

Answer: False

(5). Places to the East of Greenwich are ahead of their time.

Answer: True

(6). All places on the same longitude have the same time.

Answer: True

Major Domains Of The Earth Exercises

Question 1. Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What are the four major domains of the earth?
2. Name the major continents of the earth.
3. Name the two continents that lie entirely in the Southern Hemisphere.
4. Name the different layers of the atmosphere.
5. Why is the earth called the ‘blue planet’?
6. Why is the Northern Hemisphere called the Land Hemisphere?
7. Why is the Biosphere important for living organisms?

Read and Learn More CBSE Solutions For Class 6 Social Science

Answer:

1. Major Domains of the Earth
   • Lithosphere
   • Atmosphere
   • Hydrosphere
   • Biosphere
2. Major continents of the Earth
   • Asia
   • Europe
   • Africa
   • North America
   • South America
   • Australia
   • Antarctica
3. Two continents lying entirely in the Southern hemisphere are:
   • Australia and
   • Antarctica
4. Layers of the Atmosphere
   • Troposphere
   • Stratosphere
   • Mesosphere
   • Thermosphere
   • Exosphere
5. The earth is called the blue planet because,
   • It is the only planet, known so far, which has water,
   • It looks blue from the sky because 71 per cent of the earth is covered with water.
6. The Northern Hemisphere is called the Land Hemisphere because of the following reasons:
   • A greater part of the landmass lies in the Northern Hemisphere.
   • The water body area is smaller in this Hemisphere.
7. Importance of Biosphere
   • The biosphere sustains all life forms as it is a necessary element for life.

Question 2.  Match the correct answers.

(1). The mountain range that separates Europe from Asia is

1. The Andes
2. The Himalayas
3. The Urals

Answer: 3. The Urals

(2). The continent of North America is linked to South America by

1. An isthmus
2. A strait
3. A canal

Answer: 1. An isthmus

(3). The major constituent of the atmosphere by per cent is

1. Nitrogen
2. Oxygen
3. Carbon dioxide

Answer: 1. Nitrogen

(4). The domain of the earth consisting of solid rocks is

1. The Atmosphere
2. The Hydrosphere
3. The Lithosphere

Answer: 3. The Lithosphere

(5). Which is the largest continent?

1. Africa
2. Asia
3. Australia

Answer: 2. Asia

Question 3. Fill in the blanks.

(1). The deepest point on the earth is __________ in the Pacific Ocean.

Answer: Mariana Trench

(2). The _______ Ocean is named after a country.

Answer: Indian

(3). The _________ is a narrow contact zone of land, water and air that supports life.

Answer: Biosphere

(4). The continents of Europe and Asia together are known as _________.

Answer: Eurasia

(5). The highest mountain peak on the earth is __________.

Answer: Mt. Everest.

Question 4. In the outline map of the world, mark the following: Europe, Asia, Antarctica, South America, Australia, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Ural Mountains and the Isthmus of Panama.

Answer:

Question 5. In the Greek language ‘Lithos’ means Stone;

• ‘Atmos’ means Vapour;
• ‘Hudor’ means Water;
• and ‘Bios’ means Life.

Can you make words using the above?

Answer:

• Lithosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Atmosphere
• Biosphere.

Question 6. Count the squares given below and answer the following:

1. Name the largest continent.
2. Which is larger—Europe or Australia?

Answer:

1. Largest: Asia
2. Larger: Europe.

Different continents according to their size:

• Asia
• Africa
• North America
• South America
• Antarctica
• Europe
• Australia

Question 7. Look at the map of the world. Are all the landmasses connected?

Answer:

No, only the following landmasses connect each other:

1. Europe, Asia and Africa are connected.
2. North America and South America are connected.
3. Australia and Antarctica are not connected either with each other or with any other landmasses.

Question 8. Could you imagine that the depth of the sea is much more than the highest point?

Answer:

1. Highest point (Height) – Mount Everest, 8848 m.
2. The deepest depth of the sea (depth): Mariana Trench, 11022 m. If Mount Everest is put into the Mariana Trench the depth of water on the summit of Mt. Everest will be 2174 m.

Question 9. Three oceans surround this continent (North America). Can you name these oceans?

Answer:

Yes.

These oceans are:

1. The Arctic Ocean is in the north.
2. Pacific Ocean in the west.
3. Atlantic Ocean in the east.

Major Domains Of The Earth Very Short Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Which are the three movements of the ocean water?

Answer:

The ocean waters are always moving. The three chief movements of ocean water are:

1. Waves
2. Tides and
3. Currents

Question 2. What is the function of carbon dioxide?

Answer:

C0₂ absorbs the heat radiated by the earth and keeps the planet warm. It is essential for plant life, but excess of C0₂ leads to global warming.

Question 3. Which is the world’s hottest desert?

Answer:

Sahara desert in Africa.

Question 4. Which oceans surround North America?

Answer:

The Pacific, the Atlantic and the Arctic.

Question 5. Name the research station of India in Antarctica.

Answer:

Maitri and Dakshin Gangotri

Question 6. What leads to soil erosion?

Answer:

Cutting forests for wood and clearing land for tilling leads to soil erosion.

Major Domains Of The Earth Short Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Why is the surface of the earth complex interface?

Answer:

The surface of the earth is a complex interface, because three main components of the environment meet, overlap and interact on it.

Question 2. Define atmosphere. What is its importance to us?

Answer:

1. The earth is surrounded by an envelope of air.
2. The atmosphere is called the atmosphere.
3. This thin blanket of air is an integral and the most important aspect of the planet. It is very important to us. It enables us to breathe and protects us from the harmful effects of the sun’s rays.

Question 3. Explain the Composition of the Atmosphere.

Answer:

Composition of the Atmosphere.

1. The atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. They both make up about 99% of clean, dry air; (Nitrogen 78%; Oxygen 21%).
   • Other gases like carbon dioxide; argon and others comprise 1% by volume.
   • Oxygen is the breath of life. Nitrogen helps in the growth of living organisms.
2. Carbon dioxide is present in the air in very small amounts but is very important.
3. The atmosphere absorbs heat radiated by the earth and keeps the surface of the earth warm.

Question 4. Describe the density of the atmosphere.

Answer:

1. The density of the atmosphere varies with height.
   • The atmosphere is the highest at sea level.
   • The atmosphere decreases rapidly with an increase in height.
2. Climbers experience problems in breathing due to a decrease in density.
3. Temperature also decreases with an increase in height.

Question 5. What is air pressure? How is wind formed?

Answer:

1. The atmosphere exerts pressure on the Earth due to the weight in the air.
2. Thus air pressure is the weight of the air.
3. Pressure varies from place to place.
4. The difference in air pressure between the two places makes the air move.
5. Moving air is known as wind

Question 6. What is the biosphere? Give its major features.

Answer:

Biosphere. The biosphere is the narrow zone of contact between the land, water and air, comprising all forms of life.

Features:

1. The biosphere are several species of organisms in the biosphere. They are divided into plant kingdom and animal kingdom.
2. The biosphere varies in size from microbes and bacteria to huge animals.
3. All living organisms including humans are linked to each other. These are also linked to the biosphere.

Question 7. What negative impacts on nature are caused by the felling of trees?

Answer:

The felling of trees causes the following negative impacts on nature:

1. Soil erosion is increased.
2. Loose soil is deposited on river beds. The level of river beds rises. During excessive rains, they are not capable of keeping the water under control. Hence floods are caused.
3. The felling of trees also reduces the quantity of oxygen. Hence new problems have grown.

Question 8. Define global warming.

Answer:

1. Increased emissions from vehicles and industries pollute the air.
2. An increase in the amount of C0₂ due to human activities has led to an increase in global temperatures.
3. This is termed as global warming.

Question 9. Describe Lithosphere.

Answer:

Lithosphere:

• The upper solid portion of the earth is termed as lithosphere. It comprises rocks of the earth’s crust and layers of soil.
• There are two main divisions-continents or large land masses and oceans (huge water bodies).

Major Domains Of The Earth Long Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Explain the layers of the Atmosphere.

Answer:

The atmosphere extends to a height of about 1,600 kilometres.

• The atmosphere is divided into five layers. These are based on composition, temperature and other properties.
• They are in ascending order from the earth’s surface:
  • Troposphere
  • Stratosphere
  • Mesosphere
  • Thermosphere, and
  • Exosphere
• The ozone layer crucial to life on Earth is located in the stratosphere.

Question 2. What are the seven continents of the world? Give a brief description of each of them.

Answer:

There are seven major continents, namely:

Question 3. Why is the Earth called a blue planet?

Answer:

The earth is called a blue planet because 71% of the earth is covered with water and 29% with land.

1. The hydrosphere consists of water in all its forms like the oceans, lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, ice caps and ice sheets.
2. Water is also present below the surface of the earth, in the form of underground water. Water is also present in the atmosphere in the form of water vapours.
3. 97% of Earth’s water is found in the oceans. A large portion of water is in the form of ice sheets and glaciers.
4. All oceans are connected.

Question 4. Describe five major oceans of the world.

Answer:

The five major oceans of the world are:

The Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean, in order of their size.

Major Domains Of The Earth Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

Question 1. Which domain of the earth consists of a solid portion?

1. The Atmosphere
2. The Hydrosphere
3. The Lithosphere
4. All of these

Answer: 3. The Lithosphere

Question 2. Which gas is responsible for global warming?

1. O₂
2. CO₂
3. N₂
4. H₂

Answer: 2. CO₂

Question 3. The Arctic Circle passes through:

1. Asia
2. Europe
3. North America
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 4. Which longest river flows through Africa?

1. The Ganga
2. The Yamuna
3. The Nile
4. None of these

Answer: 3. The Nile

Question 5. Why do humans not use the ocean water?

1. Too sour
2. Too salty
3. Too sweet
4. All of these

Answer: 2. Too salty

Question 6. The earth surrounded by a layer of gases is called:

1. The Lithosphere
2. The Atmosphere
3. The Hydrosphere
4. All of these

Answer: 2. The Atmosphere

Question 7. Which gas is the major constituent of the atmosphere by percentage?

1. Oxygen
2. Carbon dioxide
3. Carbon monoxide
4. Nitrogen

Answer: 4. Nitrogen