CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon And Its Compounds Very Short Answer Questions

CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon And Its Compounds Very Short Question And Answers

Question 1. Name the element, other than carbon, which exhibits the property of catenation up to seven or eight atoms. Are these compounds stable?
Answer: Silicon. No, they are very reactive.

Question 2. What are oxidizing agents?
Answer: An oxidizing agent oxidizes other substances by providing oxygen or removing hydrogen

Question 3. What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?
Answer: When we test soap with red and blue litmus paper: red will turn blue but blue will remain as blue.

Question 4. Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent?
Answer: No, detergent cannot be used to check if water is hard.

Question 5. The formula of a hydrocarbon is CnH2n. Name the family to which it belongs and also predict its nature.
Answer: The hydrocarbon belongs to the alkene family. It is unsaturated.

Question 6. An unknown compound has the smell of vinegar. Identify it.
Answer: The compound is ethanoic acid also called acetic acid.

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CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon And Its Compounds

Question 7. What do we get when ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid?
Answer:  Ethyl ethanoate (CH3 COOC2H5) is formed by esterification reaction. It has a fruity smell.

Question 8. How is scum formed? 
Answer:  When soap reacts with hard water, the minerals present in water react with soap and form a white curdy substance known as scum. It reduces the cleaning ability of soap.

Question 9. Draw the electron dot structure of ethane
Answer:

Electron dot structure of ethane:

CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon And Its Compounds Electron Dot Structure

Question 10. Why do carbon compounds not conduct electricity?
Answer: Since carbon, compounds do not give rise to any ions or charged particles in a molten state or aqueous solutions.

Question 11. Which two of the following compounds belong to the same homologous series
Answer: C2H6O, CH4O.

Question 12. Why are organic compounds present in such a large number?
Answer: Due to catenation.

Question 13. Write the number of covalent bonds in CHr
Answer: Four

Question 14. Why unsaturated hydrocarbon gives a yellow flame with lots of black smoke when burnt in oxygen?
Answer: Due to incomplete combustion.

Question  15. What are the essential constituents of all organic compounds?
Answer: Carbon and hydrogen are the essential constituents of all organic compounds. However, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an exception

Question 16. What is the valency of carbon in its compounds?.
Answer: Carbon is tetravalent in its compounds.

Question 17. Draw the structural formula of methanoic acid. 
Answer:

Methanoic acid. 

CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon And Its Compounds Methanoic Acid Structure

Or HCOOH

Question 18. Carbon has four electrons in its valence shell. How does carbon attain stable electronic configuration?
Answer: Carbon is tetravalent because it has four valence electrons. To achieve noble gas configuration, it shares these electrons with four electrons of other atoms

The formula of citric acid is as follows: C6H8O7

Question 19. State the name of-COOH functional group in citric acid.
Answer: Carboxylic acid

Question 20. Which of the following belongs to the same homologous series?
Answer: C3H6 and C4H8 belong to the same homologous series, which is alkenes with the general formula CnH2n

Question 21. Which has a triple bond; C2H4, C3H4, and C3H6?
Answer: C3H4 has a triple bond with the formula CH3C ≡ CH.

Question 22. The molecular formula of butane is C4H10. What is the formula of butene?
Answer: The formula of butene is C4H8.

Question 23. A compound with the molecular formula C3H6O is used as a fuel. Identify the compound.
Answer: The compound is ethanol with formula C2H5OH.

Question 24. Write the names of the next homologous of CH3CH2OH and HCOOH.
Answer: Propanol and ethanoic acid, respectively.

Question 25. Give a test to identify the presence of ethanoic acid.
Answer: Dip a strip of blue litmus paper in the solution of ethanoic acid. Its colour will change to red.

Question 26. Out of butter and groundnut oil, which is unsaturated?
Answer: Groundnut oil is unsaturated.

Question 27. Write the molecular formula of alcohol, which can be derived from butane.
Answer: CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—OH (Butanol)

Question 28. Name the second member of the alkyne family. Give its structure.
Answer: The second member of the alkyne family is propyne. Its structural formula is

Question 29. List two characteristic features of carbon which when put together rise to several carbon compounds.
Answer:

  1. Catenation
  2. Tetravalent

Question 30. The molecular formula of’A’ is C10H18 and B’ is C18H36 Name the homologous series to which they belong.
Answer: ‘A’ belongs to alkyne and ‘B’ belongs to alkene.

Question 31. How did ethanoic acid get its name as glacial acetic acid?
Answer: The melting point of ethanoic acid is 290K, and hence it often freezes during winter and forms ice-like flakes.

Question 32. Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuel for most applications
Answer: Carbon and its compounds are used as a fuel because when they are burnt, they give a large amount of energy in the form of heat

Question 33. Intake of small quantities of methanol can be lethal. Comment.
Answer:

Methanol is oxidized to methanal in the liver. Methanal reacts rapidly with the components of cells. It causes the protoplasm to coagulate. It also affects the optic nerve, causing blindness.

Question 34. Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms of the same element. It is exhibited by both carbon and silicon. Compare the ability concatenation of the two elements. Give reasons.
Answer:

Carbon exhibits catenation much more than silicon or any other element due to its smaller size, which makes the C-C bonds strong while the Si-Si bonds are comparatively weaker due to their large size.

Question 35. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain multiple bonds between the two C-atoms and show addition reactions. Give the test to distinguish ethane from ethene.
Answer: The two can be distinguished by subjecting them to the flame. Saturated hydrocarbons generally give a clear flame, while unsaturated hydrocarbons give a yellow flame with lots of black smoke.

Question 36. Which of the following hydrocarbons undergo additional reactions: C2H6, C3H8, C3H6, C2H2, and CH4.
Answer: Unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo additional reactions. The following are the Unsaturated hydrocarbons among the given examples: C3H6 and C2H2.

Question 37. Which organic compound is added to make ethanol unfit for drinking purposes?  What is the name of the mixture formed?
Answer:  Methanol which is highly poisonous methanol is added in small amounts to ethanol to make it unfit for drinking purposes. The mixture is called methylated spirit or denatured alcohol.

Question 38. List two characteristics of covalent compounds.
Answer: Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points. Covalent compounds do not conduct electricity.

Question 39. How will you convert ethene into ethanol? Give the chemical reaction involved.
Answer: Ethene is converted into ethanol by passing its vapours through water in the presence of sulphuric acid. This reaction is called the hydration of ethene.

Question 40. What is a homologous series? Which two of the following organic compounds belong to the homologous series? ,C2H6,C2H6O,C2H6O2,CH6O
Answer: For the definition of homologous series, consult the text part. The compounds CH4O and C2H6O belong to the same homologous series known as alkanols.

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