CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Management Of Natural Resources
Management of natural resources:
CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Management Of Natural Resources Definitions
- Natural resources will last for generations to come and will not merely be exploited to the hilt of short-term gains.
- The Ganga Action Plan was taken by the Government to save the river Ganga (1985).
- Coliform bacteria is a group of bacteria, the presence of which confirms the
contamination of water of a river. - The R’s to save the environment
- Reduce
- Recycle
- Reuse.
- Renewable resources are those which can replenish themselves within a reasonable time.
- Non-renewable resources are those which lack the ability of replenish and replacement
- Development that lasts is called sustainable development.
- Silviculture is one of the major programs started to replenish forests.
- Conservation of wildlife in natural habitats is called in situ conservation.
- Conservation of wildlife away from their natural habitats is called exsitu conservation.
- Biosphere reserves deal with the conservation of ecosystems and the genetic resources contained therein.
- A dam is a barrier built across a stream or river to hold and control the flow ofwater for useful purposes.
- WCD stands for World Commission of Dams.
- Water harvesting is the activity of direct collection of rainwater, which can be stored for direct use or can be recharged into the groundwater.
- Various compounds of the harvesting system are Collection of rainwater, filtration, storage, recharge, and use.
- The Tawa Irrigation Project in Madhya Pradesh has resulted in problems of waterlogging and increased salinity.
- Project Tiger was started in 1973 to check the reduction of the population of tigers.
- Three fossil fuels are coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
- Sustainability is defined as meeting the needs of the present generation without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. - Coal is a mixture of free carbon and compounds of carbon containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
- Petroleum is also called rock oil.
- Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons mainly alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Environment ethics means a set ofmoral principles connected with our responsibility to keep our environment clean.
- The Chipko movement is one of the movements in India to conserve biodiversity.
- IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) was set up in 1948 for the practical implementation of environmental laws. It was sponsored by UNESCO.
- The year 1972 was declared as International Year of Conservation of Nature
Read and Learn More CBSE Class 10 Science Short Answer Questions
CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Management Of Natural Resources Short Question And Answers
Question 1. What changes can you make in your habits to become more environment-friendly?
Answer:
- By not using polythene bags.
- By not using products like fur, and ivory derived from wildlife.
- By planting one tree every year and watching it grow.
- By using a bucket of water instead of bathing under the shower.
Question 2. Why do you think there should be an equitable distribution of resources? What forces would be working against an equitable distribution of our resources?
Answer:
There should be an equitable distribution of resources to fulfill the needs of every citizen without any discrimination between rich and poor. Presently power and money are the two forces that are working against the equitable distribution of resources.
Question 3. Why should we conserve forests and wildlife?
Answer:
We should conserve forests as they are hot spots of biodiversity.Ifwe do not conserveit willlead to ecological imbalancein nature. Forests maintain biological diversity, preventing soil and flood erosion apart from influencing rainfall.
Question 4. Suggest some approaches towards the conservation of forests.
Answer:
- By checking unnecessary deforestation.
- By preventing forest fires.
- Reforestation.
- By not allowing overgrazing in forests.
Question 5. Compare the above system with the probable systems in hilly mountainous areas, plains, or plateau regions.
Answer:
In a large level terrain, the water harvesting structures are mainly current-shaped earthen embarkments, or low straight concrete and rubble ‘check dams’ built across seasonally flooded gullies. Monsoon rains fill the ponds behind the structures.
Question 6. Find out the source of water in your region’s locality. Is water from this source available to all people living in that area?
Answer:
In our locality water is mostly supplied by government agencies through taps. This water is mainly drawn from the river or tubewells. However, this water is available only in those areas which are approved by local civic authorities.
Note: (The answer to the question will differ for rural and urban areas). For rural areas the answer will be: In our areas, we get water from wells, ponds, hand pumps, or rivers.
Question 7. What changes would you suggest in your home to be environment-friendly?
Answer:
We should use the principle of three R’s to be environment-friendly which are:
- Reduce the use of national resources to a reasonable amount.
- Recycle plastic, paper, glass, and other items that can be recycled.
- Reuse the things again e.g., used envelopes, bottles, and cans.
Question 8. Can you suggest some changes in your school which would make it environment-friendly?
Answer:
- Planting trees around the school campus.
- Separation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes.
- Minimize the use of fans and other electrical appliances by switching them off when not required.
- Avoiding waste of drinking water.
Question 9. We saw in this chapter that there are four main stakeholders when it comes to forests and wildlife. Which among these should have the authority to decide the management of the produce? Why do you think so?
Answer:
Local people living around the forests should be the authority to decide the management of various forest products. The reason is that these people are aware ofthe various practices to use the resources sustainably. These people have been using the forest and wildlife resources for centuries without harming or causing any damage to the environment.
Question 10. How can you as an individual contribute or make a difference to the management of
- Forests and wildlife
- Water resources, and
- Coal and petroleum?
Answer:
- I will not allow cutting of trees and overgrazing in a forest.
- I will use water in such a way that there is no waste at all.
- I will not burn coal to heat my room in winter instead I wear an extra sweater. Walk to school instead of insisting my parents drop me at school on their bike/car
Question 11. What can you as an individual do to reduce your consumption of the various natural resources?
Answer:
- Reducing the usage of products obtained from wildlife.
- Avoiding wastage of water.
- Minimizing the use of coal and petrol.
Question 12. We often observe domestic waste decomposing in the bylanes of residential colonics. Suggest ways to make people realize that the improper disposal of waste is harmful to the environment.
Answer:
- It can act as a reservoir for the breeding of disease-causing pathogens.
- It can release greenhouse gases which can result in global warming.
Question 13. What are the disadvantages of using fossil fuels?
Answer:
- Burning of fossil fuel causes air pollution due to the release of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen.
- Fossil fuel is non-renewable; if used at the current rate it will last for a few years.
Question 14. List any two advantages associated with water stored in the ground.
Answer:
Advantages:
- Recharges the groundwater.
- Prevents evaporation of water.
- Prevents breeding of mosquitoes.
- Prevents contamination.
Question 15. What is reuse strategy? Reuse strategy is considered better than the recycling strategy?
Answer:
In the reuse strategy, things are used again and again instead of throwing them.
It is better than recycling objects as no energy is used in this strategy for remaking objects.
Question 16. In which way groundwater is more advantageous as compared to surface water?
Answer:
- In ground water mosquitoes cannot breed.
- It does not evaporate.
- It remains protected from contamination by human and animal waste.
Question 17. In which way does the management of fossil fuels like coal and petroleum differ from other natural resources?
Answer:
Coal and petroleum were formed from the degradation of biomass millions of years ago and their source is limited. These resources will be exhausted in the future no matter how carefully we use them. Because of these reasons such resources involve slightly different approaches.
Question 18.
- Why are CIKII and petroleum called fossil fuels?
- Name any two elements present in fossil fuels in addition to carbon.
Answer:
- They are formed from the preserved remains of organisms that lived millions of
years ago and are used as fuels. - Hydrogen, Sulfur.
Question 19. What is meant by biodiversity? List two advantages of conserving forests and wildlife.
Answer:
Biodiversity is the range and number of species of living organisms in a given area.
Two advantages:
- Maintains ecological balance
- Helps in maintaining rainfall.
Question 20. Why is it said that the “use of fossil fuels should be done judiciously?”
Answer:
The fossil fuels, coal, and petroleum, will ultimately be exhausted. Because of this and because their combustion pollutes our environment, we need to use these resources judiciously.
Question 21. Who are the stakeholders in respect of forests? Which one of these causes maximum damage to forests and how?
Answer:
Stakeholders in respect of forests are those people who utilize various forest products.
These are:
- The people who live in and around the forests.
- Industrialists engaged in manufacturing furniture, bidis, plywood, and sports goods.
- Forest department of government.
- Wildlife and nature enthusiasts, the industrialists cause maximum damage to forests as they consider the forest as merely a source of raw material for their factories.
Question 22. Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances with the help of one example each. List two changes in habit that people must adopt to dispose of non-biodegradable waste, to save the environment.
Answer:
Biodegradable substances can be broken down into simpler substances by nature/decomposers/bacteria/saprophytes, e.g., human excreta, vegetable peels, etc.
Non-biodegradable wastes cannot be broken down into simpler substances by nature/decomposers,
Example: Plastic, glass.
Habits:
- Use of separate dustbins for biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.
- Reuse of things such as polybags etc.
- Recycle of wastes.
Question 23. Prepare a list of five items that you use daily in the school. Identify from the list such items that can be recycled.
Answer:
Paper, resin bag, blade, pen, plastic box, scale, eraser, compass and dividers (metallic), steel lunch box, steel spoon. Paper, blades, plastic boxes, erasers, compasses, steel lunch boxes, and steel spoons canbe recycled.
Question 24. List two advantages associated with water harvesting at the community level.
Answer:
Water harvesting is a method of holding rainwater on the surface ofthe earth, to make it percolate under the ground so as to recharge groundwater. Two advantages associated with water harvesting at the community level are:
Giving people control over their local water resources ensures that mismanagement is reduced.
Over-exploitation of these resources is reduced. The water stored in the ground does not evaporate, provides moisture for vegetation over a wide area, and is protected from contamination by human and animal waste.
Question 25. In a village in Karnataka, people started cultivating crops all around a lake which was always filled with water. They added fertilizers to their field to enhance the yield. Soon they discovered that the water body was completely covered with floating plants and fishes started dying in large numbers.
Analyze the situation andgive reasons for the excessive growth of plants and the death of fish in the lake.
Answer:
Since people used excessive fertilizers in the fields, they were carried down to the lake during rains. As many fertilizers contain phosphates and nitrates, the water body becomes enriched with these chemicals.
These chemicals promote excessive growth of aquatic plants and the surface of water is completely covered with plants (eutrophication). Depletion of light in the water body and insufficient availability of dissolved oxygen and nutrients resulted in the death of fish.
Question 26. What measures would you take to conserve electricity in your house?
Answer: The following measures can be taken to conserve electricity in our house:
Put off the fans and lights in unoccupied rooms and when they are not required. Maximize the use of solar radiation. It is a pollution-free and cost-free resource that is easily available.
During winter, instead of electric heaters, solar water heating systems should be usedFluorescentnt tubes or CFL should be used instead of electric bulbs as the former consume less electricity.
Question 27. Although coal and petroleum are produced by the degradation of biomass, yet we need to conserve them. Why?
Answer:
Both the energy sources coal and petroleum take millions of years for their formation. As these resources are being utilized at a much faster rate than their formation, they will be exhausted shortly, hence they need to be conserved.
Question 28. Suggest a few measures for controlling carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
Answer:
A few measures for controlling carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are as follows:
- Reduce the consumption of petrol in automobiles. Using carpools and public transport helps to reduce petrol usage.
- Use of alternative fuels such as CNG (clean fuel) instead of coal and petroleum.
- Manure should be prepared out of litter instead of burning it.
- The smoke coming out ofthe thermal power stations and other industries should be well traded to remove harmful gases, before discharging them into the atmosphere.
- Planting more and more trees.
Question 29. Why are the Arabari forests of Bengal known to be a good example of a conserved forest?
Answer:
The forest department developed a strategy in which the villagers were involved in the protection of the forest. In return for the labor, the villagers were paid and also had some benefitin harvesting operations.
They were allowed to collect wood and fodder on payment of a nominal fee. In this way, by the active and willing participation ofthe local people, the sal forests of Arabari were conserved.
Question 30. Is water conservation necessary? Give reasons.
Answer:
The total amount of fresh water is more than enough to meet the needs of human beings.
But its uneven distribution, wide seasonal as well as yearly fluctuation in rainfalls and water storage are chronic problems in most parts of the world.
Question 31. Prejudice against the traditional use of forest areas has no basis. Explain by giving an example.
Answer:
In many forests, the local population may not be allowed to use forests in the manner they have been using them for generations. This may sometimes be harmful to the sustainability of forests. When the nomadic shepherds were not allowed in the alpine meadows of the great Himalayan National Park to graze their sheep, it hurt the growth of grass.
Question 32. How did the ‘Chipko Andolan’ ultimately benefit the local population? Give any two benefits.
Answer:
- The Chipko movement quickly spread across communities and media, and forced the government, to whom the forest belongs, to rethink their priorities in the use of forest produce.
- Due to the participation of local people, it led to the efficient management of forests.
Question 33. What are the various factors that are damaging our forests?
Answer:
- The local people live near forests.
- Industrial needs cause deforestation.
- Development projects like buildings, roads, and dams.
- Damage caused by tourists or the arrangements made for their convenience.
Question 34. The Chipko movement was started in the 1970s in the small village of Garhwal high up in the Himalayas. Villagers stood against greedy contractors. Women folk hugged the trees. Answer the following questions based on the above information:
- Do you feel inspired by this movement which prevented the felling of trees? Who do you think are the real stakeholders?
- Which old belief has been challenged by the Chipko movement?
- What values does the Chipko movement invoke?
Answer:
- Yes. The local people are the real stakeholders.
- Chipko movement has challenged the old belief that forests are meant only for timber. Gifts of trees to us are soil, water, and oxygen.
- Environmental protection, motivation for tree plantation.
Question 35. Today we encounter the problem of water shortage, although it rains well in the rainy season. ‘Khushi Society’ has made a provision for rainwater harvesting.
- Suggest two methods of rainwater harvesting.
- How can you store water without any water-borne disease and germs multiplying in it?
- What values are seen in the members of society?
Answer:
- Rooftop and underground rainwater harvesting.
- In closed tanks and underground tanks.
- Responsible behavior, interaction, and teamwork.
Question 36. Certain NGOs motivate the general public to donate clothes, books, toys, stationery items, utensils, etc., to them. These NGOs further segregate and distribute these items to the needy. Answer the following questions based on the above information:
- In your opinion what objective objectives are fulfilled by this initiative?
- What values do they promote?
Answer:
1.
- Good initiative approach to reuse.
- Sensitizing the general public towards the community.
2. Invoking social responsibility among citizens by contributing their share towards generous acts of society towards their underprivileged fellows.
CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Management Of Natural Resources Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1. From the list given below pick the item that is not a natural resource
- Soil
- Water
- Electricity
- Air
Answer: 3. Electricity
Question 2. The most rapidly dwindling natural resource in the world is
- Water
- Forests
- Wind
- Sunlight
Answer: 2. Forests
Question 3. The most appropriate definition ofa natural resource is that it is a substance /commodity that is
- Present only on land
- A gift of nature which is very useful to mankind
- A man-made substance placed in nature
- Available only in the forest
Answer: 2. A gift of nature which is very useful to mankind
Question 4. The main cause for abundant coliform bacteria in the river Ganga is
- Disposal of unburnt corpses into water
- Discharge of effluents from electroplating industries
- Washing of clothes
- Immersion of ashes
Answer: 1. Disposal of unburnt corpses into water
Question 5. The pH of the water sample collected from a river was found to be acidic in the range of 3.5-4.S, on the banks of the river were several factories that were discharging effluents into the river. The effluents of which one ofthe following factories is the most likely cause for lowering the pH of river water?
- Soap and detergent factory
- Lead battery manufacturing factory
- Plastic cup manufacturing factory
- Alcohol distillery
Answer: 2. Lead battery manufacturing factory
Question 6. The range most conducive for the life of freshwater plants and animals is
- 6.5-7.5
- 2.0-3.5
- 3.5 -5.0
- 9.0-10.5
Answer: 1. 6.5-7.5
Question 7. The three R’s that will help us conserve natural resources for long-term use are
- Recycle, regenerate, reuse
- Reduce, regenerate, reuse
- Reduce, reuse, redistribute
- Reduce, regenerate, reuse
Answer: 4. Reduce, regenerate, reuse
Question 8. Given below are a few statements related to biodiversity. Pick those that correctly describe the concept of biodiversity
1. Biodiversity refers to the different species of flora and fauna present in an area
2. Biodiversity refers to only the flora ofa given area
3. Biodiversity is greater in a forest
4. Biodiversity refers to the total number of individuals of a particular species living in an area
- 1 and 2
- 2 and 3
- 1 and 3
- 2 and 3
Answer: 3. 1 and 3
Question 9. Among the statements given below select the ones that correctly describe the concept of sustainable development
1. Planned growth with minimum damage to the environment
2. Growth irrespective ofthe extent of damage caused to the environment
3. Stopping all developmental work to conserve the environment
4. Growth that is acceptable to all the stakeholders
- 1 and 4
- 2 and 3
- 2 and 4
- 3 only
Answer: 1. 1 and 4
Question 10. In our country, vast tracts of forests are cleared, and a single species of plant is cultivated, This practice promotes
- Biodiversity in the area
- Monoculture in the area
- Growth of natural forest
- Preserves the natural ecosystem in the area
Answer: 2. Biodiversity in the area
Question 11. A successful forest conservation strategy should involve
- Protection of animals at the highest trophic level
- Protection of only consumers
- Protection ofonly herbivores
- A comprehensive program to protect all the physical and biological components
Answer: 2. Protection only consumers
Question 12. The important message conveyed by the ‘Cliipko Movement’ is
- To involve the community in forest conservation efforts
- To ignore the community in forest conservation efforts
- To cut down forest trees for developmental activities
- Government agencies have the unquestionable right to order the destruction of trees in forests
Answer: 1. To involve the community in forest conservation efforts
Question 13. In our country, there are attempts to increase the height of several existing dams like the Tehri and Almati dams across Narmada. Choose the correct statements among the following that are a consequence of raising the height of dams
1. Terrestrial flora and fauna ofthe area are destroyed completely
2. Dislocation of people and domestic animals living in the area
3. Valuable agricultural land may be permanently lost
4. It will generate permanent employment for people
- 1 and 2
- 1,2, and 3
- 2 and 4
- 1,3, and 4
Answer: 2. 1,2, and 3
Question 14. Expand the abbreviation GAP
- Governmental Agency for Pollution Control
- Gross Assimilation by Photosynthesis
- Ganga Action Plan
- Governmental Agency for Animal Protection
Answer: 3. Ganga Action Plan
Question 15. Select the incorrect statement
- Economic development is linked to environmental conservation
- Sustainable development encourages development for the current generation and conservation of resources for future generations
- Sustainable development does not consider the viewpoints of stakeholders
- Sustainable development is a long-planned and persistent development
Answer: 3. Sustainable development does not consider the viewpoints of stakeholders
Question 16. Which ofthe following is not a natural resource?
- Mango tree
- Snake
- Wind
- Wooden house
Answer: 4. Wooden house
Question 17. Select the wrong statement
- Forests provide a variety of products
- Forests have greater diversity
- Forests do not conserve soil
- Forests conserve water
Answer: 3. Forests do not conserve soil
Question 18. The Arabari forests of Bengal are dominated by
- Teak
- Snake
- Bamboo
- Wooden house
Answer: 2. Snake
Question 19. Groundwater will not be depleted due to
- Afforestation
- Thermal powerplants
- Loss of forest, and decreased rainfall
- Cropping of high water-demanding crops
Answer: 1. Afforestation
Question 20. Opposition to the constitution of large dams is due to
- Social reasons
- Economic reasons
- Environmental reasons
- All of the above
Answer: 4. All ofthe above
Question 21. Khadins, Bundhis, Ahars, and Kattas are ancient structures that are examples for
- Grain storage
- Wood storage
- Water harvesting
- Soil conservation
Answer: 3. Water harvesting
Question 22. Pick the right combination of terms which has no fossil fuel.
- Wind, ocean, and coal
- Kerosene, wind, and tide
- Wind, wood, sun
- Petroleum, wood, sun
Answer: 3. Wind, wood, sun
Question 23. Select the eco-friendly activity among the following:
- Using a car for transportation
- Using polybags for shopping
- Using dyes for colouring clothes
- Using windmills to generate power for irrigation
Answer: 4. Using windmills to generate power for irrigation
Question 24. It is important to make small check dams across the flooded gullies because they
1. Hold water for irrigation
2. Hold water and prevent soil erosion
3. Recharge groundwater
4. Hold water permanently
- 1 and 4
- 2 and 3
- 3 and 4
- 2 and 4
Answer: 2.2 and 3