Noun Definition:

A noun is the name given to a thing, person, object (animate or inanimate), or feeling:

Example: Ram, man, dog, book, tree, light, love, etc.

Kinds of Nouns:

Nouns can be of two kinds:

1. Countable nouns like book, man, etc.
2. Uncountable nouns like light, bread, etc.

1. An uncountable noun is sometimes used as a countable noun.

Three teas, please.

Here, ‘three teas’ means three cups of tea.

There were dozens of ice creams

It means there were dozens of kinds of ice cream.

Compare:

She has curly hair.

There is a hair in my soup.

2. Some nouns have different meanings when they are used countably and when used uncountably.

Glass is fragile.

Give me a glass of water

This is a three-room house.

There is no room for dishonesty in this company.

3. Collective nouns such as a group, a crowd, a herd, a team etc are singular. However, if we think of the members individually, a plural verb may be used

Compare:

A flock of sheep was grazing. A flock of sheep was straying all over the road, confusing the traffic.

In the first sentence, the speaker is thinking of the sheep as a group. In the second sentence, he has different sheep—some straying in one direction and some in the other. So we use a plural verb there.

Some nouns have a plural form but are always treated as singular. What is the latest news?

CBSE Class 6 English Grammar Noun Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. All the sugar……been consumed. (have)
Answer: Has

Question 2. The English Cricket team……expected to arrive in India today.
Answer: Is

Question 3. Good cutlery……expensive.
Answer: Is

Question 4. A lot of milk……to be drunk by the patient (need)
Answer: Needs

Question 5. Most of the money…… has now been spent (have)
Answer: Has

CBSE Class 6 English Grammar Noun Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

Question 1. This is a wonderful class.

1. Collective noun
2. Proper noun
3. Material noun
4. Common noun

Answer: 1. Collective noun

Question 2. The house is made of bricks.

1. Collective noun
2. Common noun
3. Material noun
4. Abstract noun

Answer: 3. Material noun

Question 3. Honesty is the best policy.

1. Collective noun
2. Proper noun
3. Common noun
4. Abstract noun

Answer: 4. Abstract noun

Question 4. A……of sheep was grazing

1. Group
2. Bunch
3. Flock
4. Herd

Answer: 3. Flock

Question 5. How much ….. do you want?

1. Pens
2. Windows
3. Sugar
4. Notebooks

Answer: 3. Sugar

Question 6. A bunch of …………. is hanging

1. Leaves
2. Photos
3. Keys
4. Strings

Answer: 3. Keys

Question 7. I like…..

1. Book
2. Booking
3. Booked
4. Books

Answer: 4. Books

Question 8. A meal that is eaten in the morning.

1. Breakfast
2. Lunch
3. Dinner
4. Supper

Answer: 1. Breakfast

Question 9. A man who is getting married.

1. Bride
2. Bridesmaid
3. Bridegroom
4. Bridesman

Answer: 3. Bridegroom

Question 10. A picture that is taken with a camera

1. Movie
2. Footage
3. Photograph
4. Passport

Answer: 3. Photograph

The post CBSE Class 6 English Grammar Noun appeared first on CBSE School Notes.

1. We may say—

Sheela is absent because Sheela is ill.

But it is better to avoid the repetition of the noun Sheela, and say

Sheela is absent because she is ill.

Pronoun Definition:

A word that is used to replace a noun is called a pronoun.

(The word ‘Pronoun’ means Tora noun.)

2. If the number of nouns is singular, persons of the male sex are referred to by ‘he, him, his, himself. Persons of the female sex take ‘she, her, hers, herself. Non-living things are referred to by ‘it, its and itself.’

3. If the number of nouns is plural, persons of either sex as well as the non-living things, are referred to by ‘they, them, their, theirs, themselves’.

4. An animal is generally referred to by the neuter ‘it’, even if the noun denotes one sex only.

I watched the cow as it grazed peacefully. However, if there is something in the situation that draws attention to the sex of the animal, then lie’ or ‘she’ may be used.

There is a cow with her calf. For animals which occur in a story as characters or the animals which are thought of as members of the family, he, she etc may be used.

We have a monkey in the house. Have you seen him?

5. The words ‘his’, ‘her’, and others derived from them are called possessive adjectives. They must agree in gender with the words that they refer. The gender of these possessive adjectives has nothing to do with the nouns they follow:

Ram gave a present to his mother. (not her mother)

Sita gave a present to her brother as well as to her sister.

(not his brother or his sister)

The cycle was restored to its owner. (not his or her owner)

Look at the following table. It will help you to use correct pronoun or possessive adjective.

The table above gives only the third person.

The one below is more exhaustive:

CBSE Class 6 English Grammar The Pronouns And Possessive Adjectives Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. Ram and……were present.
Answer: I/you/he/she

Question 2. Can you sing as well as………….?
Answer: he/they/I/she

Question 3. Wait for Mohan and………
Answer: me/them/us/her

Question 4. It was……that gave you the alarm.
Answer: I/he/she

Question 5. We are not so poor as …………
Answer: he/they/she/you

Question 6. The poor boy has lost ……… mother.
Answer: his

Question 7. I am two years older than ……… brother.
Answer: his/her/their

Question 8. Ram has taken ……….. wife to the doctor
Answer: his

Question 9. The manager asked the visitors to wait outside ……office.
Answer: his/her

Question 10. Have you seen …………. pen anywhere?
Answer: his/her

CBSE Class 6 English Grammar The Pronouns And Possessive Adjectives Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

Question 1. Martha likes to do her work herself

1. Possessive
2. Distributive
3. Demonstrative
4. Reflexive

Answer: 4. Reflexive

Question 2. This pen is mine

1. Possessive pronoun
2. Distributive pronoun
3. Demonstrative pronoun
4. Interrogative pronoun

Answer: 1. Possessive pronoun

Question 3. The boy has lost his mother

1. Possessive pronoun
2. Possessive noun
3. Possessive adjective
4. Possessive verb

Answer: 1. Possessive pronoun

Question 4…….have done the work

1. He
2. It
3. She
4. They

Answer: 4. They

Question 5. You must write …….alphabets clearly

1. His
2. These
3. Her
4. This

Answer: 2. These

Question 6.

1. This is the boy which I met yester¬ day
2. This is the boy whom I met yesterday
3. This is the boy that I met yesterday day
4. This is the boy whose I met yester- day

Answer: 2. This is the boy whom I met yesterday

Question 7.

1. This is the pen whom belongs to me
2. This is the pen who belongs to me
3. This is the pen which belongs to me
4. This is the pen whose belongs to me

Answer: 3. This is the pen which belongs to me

Question 8.

1. The dog whose was sleeping did not bark
2. The dog that was sleeping did not bark
3. The dog whom sleeping did not bark
4. The dog which sleeping did not bark

Answer: 2. The dog that was sleeping did not bark

Question 9.

1. My brother who is a physician lives in Burma
2. My brother which is a physician lives in Burma
3. My brother whom is a physician lives in Burma
4. My brother that is a physician lives in Burma

Answer: 1. My brother who is a physician lives in Burma

Question 10.

1. The cobra, whom is a large snake, is poisonous
2. The cobra who is a large snake, is poisonous
3. The cobra which is a large snake, is poisonous
4. The cobra, which is a large snake, is poisonous

Answer: 4. The cobra, which is a large snake, is poisonous

The post CBSE Class 6 English Grammar The Pronouns And Possessive Adjectives appeared first on CBSE School Notes.

Read the following sentences:

1. Approval is an intelligent girl. What kind of girl?)

2. I don’t like that house. (Which house ?)

3. I have five books. (How many books ?)

4. There is little time left. (How much time ?)

In sentence 1, “intelligent’ shows what kind of girl Apporva is.

In sentence 2, ‘that’ points out which house is meant.

In sentence 3, ‘five’ shows how many books I have.

In sentence 4, little’ shows how much time is left.

Definition. A word used with a noun to describe it (kind, place, number, quantity) is called an adjective.

The word ‘adjective’ means ‘added to’.

Look at the following sentences:

1. The boy is hardworking.
2. The hardworking boy stood first.

In both of these sentences, hardworking describes the boy. Hence, it is an adjective in both sentences.

In the first sentence, ‘hardworking is used along with the verb ‘is’ and is a part of the predicate. It is therefore said to be used predicatively.

In the second sentence, “hardworking’ is used along with the noun Ijoy, i.e., as an attribute of the boy. It is therefore said to be used attributively.

Kinds of Adjectives 

Adjectives are of three kinds:

1. Adjective of Quality
2. Adjective of Quantity
3. Adjective of Number (also known as Numeral Adjective).

Adjective of Quality:

It shows the quality of a person or thing

Kolkata is a big city.

Dr. Singh is an honest man.

The foolish man died of his folly.

This book is of the English language

Adjectives of Quality answer the question: of what kind?

Adjective of Quantity:

It shows the quantity of the noun it describes

He has some sense.

Ram had much patience.

He has little intelligence.

He has enough money.

He has no wisdom

Adjective of Quantity answers the question: How much?

Adjective of Number:

It gives the number of persons or things.

There are five rooms in this house.

Few people can remain hungry.

There are no books in this room.

All men must die.

Most of these mangoes are ripe.

Adjective of Number answers the question: How many?

There are ten words given in the box, and there are ten sentences. Place these words in those sentences. The words should be used as adjectives

• Heavy
• Words
• Live
• That
• Several
• Neither
• Every
• Tall
• Fine
• Long

Question 1. There are boys in the field.
Answer: Several boys

Question 2. I like a pen.
Answer: A fine pen

Question 3. It’s a tree.
Answer: A tall tree

Question 4. The ship sustained damage.
Answer: Heavy damage

Question 5. It is the book you gave me.
Answer: Book that you

Question 6. He is a man of few.
Answer: Of few words

Question 7. This is a wire.
Answer: A live wire

Question 8. She has hair.
Answer: Long hair

Question 9. I have read book.
Answer: Every book

Question 10. She is Mohini nor Sheela.
Answer: Neither Mohini

Comparison Of Adjectives Or Degrees Of Adjectives

Read these sentences:

1. My dress is good.
2. Your dress is better than mine.
3. Ram’s dress is the best of all.

In sentence 1, the adjective ‘good’ merely tells us that my dress has the quality of goodness without telling how much of this quality it has. In sentence 2, the adjective “better’ tells us that ‘your dress’ compared to ‘mine’ has more of that quality of goodness

In sentence 3, the adjective ‘best’ tells us that Ram’s dress has the greatest amount of that quality of goodness.

Thus, it is clear that an Adjective changes form to show comparison.

1. The Adjective ‘good’ is said to be in Positive Degree.
2. The Adjective “better’ is said to be in Comparative Degree.
3. The Adjective “best’ is said to be in Superlative Degree.

Note:

Superlative Degree generally has the definite article ‘the’ before it. However, the Superlative with most is sometimes used without any idea of comparison. In that sense, the speaker wants to indicate the possession of a quality in a very high degree. In such case, ‘the’ is not used

It is most unfortunate.

He made a most eloquent speech.

His style is most original.

This usage is called ‘Superlative of Eminence’ or the Absolute Superlative’.

Formation Of Comparative And Superlative

1. Most adjectives ofone syllable and some of more than one, form the comparative by adding ‘er’and the superlative by adding est to the positive.

Positive – Comparative – Superlative

Deep-deeper – deepest

High – higher – deepest

Hard – harder – highest

Kinds – kinder – hardest

Poor – poorer – poorest

2. When the Positive ends in ‘e’ only V and ‘st’ are added

Positive – Comparative – Superlative

Able – abler – ablest

Brave – braver – bravest

Fine – finer – finest

Large – larger – largest

Noble – nobler – noblest

3. When the Positive ends in ‘y’, preceded by a consonant, ‘y’ is changed into T before adding ‘er’ or ‘est’

Positive – Comparative – Superlative

Dirty – dirtier – dirtiest

Early – earlier – earliest

Easy – easier – easiest

Happy – happier – happiest

Heavy – heavier – heaviest

4. When the positive is a word of one syllable and ends in a single consonant preceded by a short vowel, this consonant is doubled before adding er and est.

Positive – Comparative – Superlative

Big – bigger – biggest

Fat – fatter – fattest

Hot – hotter – hottest

Red – redder – reddest

Sad – sadder – saddest

5. Adjectives of more than two syllables form the comparative and superlative by putting more and most before the positive

Positive – Comparative – Superlative

Beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful

Courageous – more courageous – most courageous

Difficult – more difficult – most difficult

Industrious – more industrious – most industrious

5. The following Adjectives can take either er and est or more and most

Polite – simple

Feeble – gentle

Narrow – cruel

Common – handsome

Pleasant – stupid

Irregular Comparison

6. In the case of some adjectives, the Comparative and Superlative are not formed from the positive.

Positive – Comparative – Superlative

Good, well – better – best

Bad , evil, ill – worse – worst

Little – less, lesser – least

Much, many – more – most

Late – later, latter – latest, last

Old – older – oldest

Far – farther – farthest

CBSE Class 6 English Grammar The Adjective Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. Use later or latter in the following:

1. I prefer the……proposal to the former.
Answer: latter

2. They passed the……proposal.
Answer: latter

3. The……part of the book is interesting.
Answer: latter

4. Is there no……news than yesterday’s.
Answer: later

Question 2. Use ‘older’ or ‘elder’

1. He is my ….. brother.
Answer: elder

2. Ram is ……. than Krishna.
Answer: older

3. The nephew is……than his uncle.
Answer: older

4. He is……than any other person present here
Answer: older

Question 3. Use ‘nearest’ or ‘next’.

1. This is the…… shop to my house
Answer: nearest

2. He sits …… to me in the class
Answer: next

3. What are you going to do…..?
Answer: next

4. The …. school is five kilometres from this village.
Answer: nearest

Question 4. Supply the proper form (Comparative or Superlative) of the adjectives given in the brackets.

1. Is your father …… now (well)
Answer: better

2. There is no animal …. than the dog (faithfull)
Answer: more faithful

3. June is ……. than April or May 9 (hot)
Answer: hotter

4. Her condition is now than what it was ? (bad)
Answer: worse

5. She is……than her sister.(pretty)
Answer: prettier

6. Sita is the……of the two (tall)
Answer: taller

CBSE Class 6 English Grammar The Adjective Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

Question 1. This is the tallest building

1. Positive
2. Superlative
3. Comparative
4. None of the Above

Answer: 2. Superlative

Question 2. Her dress is as good as mine

1. Positive
2. Superlative
3. Comparative
4. Both 1 and 3

Answer: 1. Positive

Question 3. His brother is taller than he is

1. Positive
2. Superlative
3. Comparative
4. None of the

Answer: 3. Comparative

Question 4. The weather is ….today

1. Finer
2. Finest
3. Fine
4. None of the above

Answer: 3. Fine

Question 5. This shop is the …… to my house

1. Next
2. Closer
3. Nearest
4. Near

Answer: 3. Nearest

Question 6.

1. It is a lively tree
2. It is a tall tree
3. It is a studious tree
4. It is a standard tree

Answer: 2. It is a tall tree

Question 7.

1. Intelligent men must die
2. Big men must die
3. All men must die
4. Short men must die

Answer: 3. All men must die

Question 8.

1. He has black wisdom
2. He has no wisdom
3. He has good wisdom
4. He has small wisdom

Answer: 2. He has no wisdom

Question 9.

1. The injured man needs much advice
2. The injured man needs few advice
3. The injured man needs least advices
4. The injured man needs many advice

Answer: 1. The injured man needs much advice

Question 10.

1. I wish to wear stout pants
2. I wish to wear thin pants
3. I wish to wear sweet pants
4. I wish to wear loose pants

Answer: 4. I wish to wear loose pants

The post CBSE Class 6 English Grammar The Adjective appeared first on CBSE School Notes.

Present Tense

A verb must agree in number and person with its subject.

1. When the subject is third-person singular, most English verbs end in -s or -es, but there is no -s or -es on third-person plural.

He goes to school.

They go to school.

Sita goes to school.

Sita and Rama go to school.

You eat a mango.

Ram eats a mango

Exceptions:

1. The verb ‘be’ and its forms are exception to this rule :

He is a friend.

I am your friend.

They are friends.

2. Can, must, may and ought and the auxiliaries will and shall do not have ‘s’ on either singular or plural.

What the master will ask, the servant shall do.

What the masters willask, the servants shall do.

When ‘will’ is a full verb meaning desire, it follows the rule for most other verbs and takes ‘-s’ when the subject is third person singular

Whatever God wills, man cannot alter.

Verbs that end with ‘y’ and have a consonant before this ‘y’, the ‘y’ changes into T and ‘-es’ is added if the subject is third person singular.

Ram relies on me.

He tries his best.

He flies a kite

2. A singular subject is sometimes mistaken as plural

Example: when it starts with (one of, either, neither etc.). Remember that these must be taken as singular.

Either of you is wrong.

Neither of them works here.

One of the teachers teaches English.

3. When a sentence begins with ‘there’ the verb agrees with the real subject that comes after the verb.

There comes John.

There are fifty students in my class.

4. When the subject is plural but represents a single figure or quantity, it takes a singular verb.

A hundred kilometres is a long distance.

A thousand rupees is not much these days.

Dal and roti is a common North-Indian food.

A Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is a famous novel.

CBSE Class 6 English Grammar Agreement Of Verb And Subject Fill In The Blanks

Insert the correct form of the present tense of the verbs in the blanks in the i? Following sentences:

Question 1. A good dictionary……a lot.(cost)
Answer: costs

Question 2. These five chairs…… one thousand rupees. (cost)
Answer: cost

Question 3. Ten kilometres ……….. a long distance to walk.(be)
Answer: is

Question 4. Sita……next to my house.(live)
Answer: lives

Question 5. Bread and butter ……. a wholesome food,(be)
Answer: is

Question 6. One of these three boys ………… first in his class every year.(stand)
Answer: stands

Question 7. My kite……very high in the sky.(fly)
Answer: flies

Question 8. They……gloomy. (look)
Answer: look

Question 9. All the students in this school …. English (learn)
Answer: learn

Question 10. My lawn ……. very beautiful in spring, (look)
Answer: looks

Question 11. There……two boys standing there.
Answer: are

Question 12. There……many students in the school.
Answer: are

Question 13. Today, there……many boys missing from the class.
Answer: are

Question 14. If you need some money, there……some in my coat pocket.
Answer: is

Question 15. There ……sixteen players selected to tour Australia
Answer: are

Question 16. There……a proper balance of emotions and intelligence in him.
Answer: is

Question 17. There……nothing to be so happy about.
Answer: is

Question 18…….there anybody there?
Answer: is

Question 19. There……no light here.
Answer: is

Question 20. There……complete darkness inside
Answer: is

CBSE Class 6 English Grammar Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

Question 1.

1. Bread and butter is his breakfast
2. Bread and butter are his breakfast
3. Bread and butter were his breakfast
4. Bread and butter am his breakfast

Answer: 1. Bread and butter is his breakfast

Question 2.

1. He with all his friends were awarded
2. He with all his friends was awarded
3. He with all his friends has awarded
4. He with all his friends had awarded

Answer: 2. He with all his friends was awarded

Question 3.

1. He, and not I, have been fined
2. He, and not I, was been fined
3. He, and not I, has been fined
4. He, and not I, is been fined

Answer: 3. He, and not I, has been fined

Question 4.

1. One of my friends live in Calcutta
2. One ofmy friends living in Calcutta
3. One of my friends will living in Calcutta
4. One of my friends lives in Calcutta

Answer: 4. One of my friends lives in Calcutta

Question 5.

1. Four kilograms of sugar are sufficient
2. Four kilograms of sugar were sufficient
3. Four kilograms of sugar is sufficient
4. Four kilograms of sugar is sufficient

Answer: 4. Four kilograms ofsugar is sufficient

Question 6.

1. Either of these boys am to blame
2. Either of these boys is to blame
3. Either of these boys are to blame
4. Either of these boys were to blame

Answer: 2. Either of these boys is to blame

Question 7.

1. Each of the boys was been given a prize
2. Each ofthe boys were given a prize
3. Each of the boys are given a prize
4. Each of the boys is/was given a prize

Answer: 4. Each of the boys is/was given a prize

Question 8.

1. The furniture in the classroom were new
2. The furniture in the classroom is new
3. The furniture in the classroom are new
4. The furniture in the classroom are/ were new

Answer: 2. The furniture in the classroom is new

Question 9.

1. Mathematics are an interesting subject
2. Mathematics were an interesting subject
3. Mathematics is an interesting subject
4. Mathematics are/ were an, interesting subject

Answer: 3. Mathematics is an interesting subject

Question 10.

1. A pair of scissors are to be brought
2. A pair of scissors were to be brought
3. A pair of scissors are/were to be brought
4. A pair of scissors is to be brought

Answer: 4. A pair of scissors is to be brought

The post CBSE Class 6 English Grammar Agreement Of Verb And Subject appeared first on CBSE School Notes.

1. A verb is a word that expresses some action, feeling or existence. It tells us something about the subject; as

Lions roar – (action)

Boys fly kites – (action)

I feel sorry – (feeling)

Ashoka was a great king –  (existence)

2. All the verbs (shown above in bold) ‘roar’, ‘fly’, ‘feel’, and ‘was’, are limited by the number and person of their subjects. Therefore, ‘roar’, ‘fly’, Teel’, and Svas’, are

Main Verbs: Main verbs are also called

Finite Verbs

3. Verbs are divided in two parts:

1. Main Verbs (also called lexical verbs)
2. Helping Verbs (Auxiliaries-Primarily and Modals)

All verbs in English, except the 24 helping verbs, are main verbs. Look at the chart below

Main Verbs

Main Verbs are also of two kinds:

• Finite verbs
• Non-finite verbs

Finite:

Finite verbs change their forms according to the person and number of the subject and the tense also,

Example:

He reads – I read

They read – She goes

I go – They go

Non-finite:

Non-finite verbs do not change their forms according to the number, person or tense of the subject. The infinitives, gerunds, and participles are called non-finite.

4. Read the following sentences :

Lata sang a song.

I wrote a letter.

Children like sweets.

In each of these sentences, the verb takes an object. ‘Song’, letter’, and ‘sweets’ are objects. A verb that takes an object is called a Transitive Verb. The object usually answers the question of What? Or whom?

Now look at the following sentences :

Birds fly.

The sun shines

These verbs do not require objects.

They express the actions by themselves and make the sense complete. They are called Intransitive Verbs. Some Verbs can be used both Transitively and Intransitively.

[All the transitive verbs can be used in transitively in case they do not contain an object. Mohan is reading.]

Verbs Used Intransitively Verbs Used Transitively

1. Birds fly – Boys fly kites
2. The horse runs fast – I run a race

CBSE Class 6 English Grammar The Verb Multiple Choice Questions Answers

Read the statements given below and narrate tto ick the correct option

Question 1. Identify the Main verb

1. Fly
2. Ought to fly
3. Will fly
4. Can fly

Answer: 1. Fly

Question 2. Identify the Modal

1. Is
2. Ought
3. Am
4. Are

Answer: 2. Ought

Question 3. Identify the Intransitive verb

1. Birds fly
2. I wrote a letter
3. Leela sang a song
4. Children love sweets

Answer: 1. Birds fly

Question 4. Identify the Past Participle form

1. Ringing
2. Rung
3. Ring
4. Rang

Answer: 2. Rung

Question 5. Children ….. to see ‘Three Idiots

1. Hooked
2. Booked
3. Flocked
4. Shock

Answer: 3. Flocked

Question 6. Sonia……a fairy tale.

1. Said
2. Attended
3. Showed
4. Narrated

Answer: 4. Narrated

Question 7. She …….. to go for a party

1. Will
2. Can
3. Dares
4. Ought

Answer: 4. Ought

Question 8. The lizard …… over the books

1. Crashed
2. Crawled
3. Floated
4. Flicked

Answer: 2. Crawled

Question 9.

1. I killed a snake.
2. She jumped into a well.
3. She sang a song.
4. He wrote a letter.

Answer: 2. She jumped into a well.

Question 10.

1. Birds fly.
2. The horse runs fast.
3. The sun rises.
4. He wrote a letter

Answer: 4. He wrote a letter

The post CBSE Class 6 English Grammar The Verb appeared first on CBSE School Notes.

Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow choosing the best option from among the given ones.

Question 1. Prabhat always wanted to win. His parents, teachers and friends said that he did not know how to accept defeat. The fact was that he could not bear losing, not even at marbles. He felt so good when he won that he never wanted to give up that feeling. On the contrary, losing made him feel terrible. He thought that losing was the worst thing that could happen to anyone.

1. What was the main quality of Prabhat which his nears and dears knew about?

1. Prabhat was the best sportsperson
2. He was a very ordinary player
3. He always wanted to win
4. He was a famous player.

Answer: 3. He always wanted to win

2. He did not know how to accept defeat. It means that

1. He was never defeated in sports
2. He was the best player
3. He could not be defeated
4. He did not like to lose a game

Answer: 4. He did not like to lose a game

3. The game of marbles is played with

1. Balls made of glass
2. Children
3. Adolescents
4. None of the above

Answer: 1. Balls made of glass

4. Prabhat always wanted to

1. Win the game
2. Be first in everything
3. Play easy game
4. Sweep the game

Answer: 1. Win the game

5. Prabhat looked at defeat in games

1. Most enjoyable
2. Worst thing
3. As a terrible thing
4. Bad

Answer: 3. As a terrible thing

Question 2. If Prabhat sensed that he would lose a game, he would not play it. He would take part only when he was sure of winning, even if the game lasted only for a minute. You could not stop him from playing the kind of games he was really good at, like badminton.

1. When did Prabhat not want to play?

1. When he sensed that he was going to lose
2. When he was advised not to play
3. When all said he was to be defeated
4. When he sensed that the opponent is a weak player

Answer: 1. When he sensed that he was going to lose

2. Prabhat was famous for being the

1. Best sportsperson
2. Single track player
3. Naughty player
4. None of the above

Answer: 1. Best sportsperson

3. When would Prabhat play the game?

1. When he was made the captain
2. When he had his say in everything about the game
3. When he was sure he would not lose the game
4. When other players were of his choice

Answer: 3. Best sportsperson

4. Prabhat was the champion player of

1. Kho-kho
2. Badminton
3. Cricket
4. Football

Answer: 2. Badminton

5. Prabhat was a good player but he was

1. Arrogant
2. Naughty
3. Egoist
4. Simple-hearted

Answer: 1. Arrogant

Question 3. The teams were decided on Monday and it was no surprise when Prabhat and Surya were chosen to play a round against each other. Prabhat was given the responsibility of keeping score for their match. On one hand, Prabhat prepared for the match with great seriousness. Surya, on the other hand, seemed relaxed, not taking things seriously at all.

1. Both Prabhat and Surya were chosen to play because

1. They were the captains
2. They were the top players of school
3. They were the best players
4. All wanted to see them play

Answer: 2. They were the top players of school

2. Why did Prabhat prepare for the match seriously?

1. He didn’t want to be defeated.
2. He was famous player.
3. He never knew defeat.
4. He wanted his reputation to continue as the best player.

Answer: 4. He wanted his reputation to continue as the best player.

3. Prabhat’s outlook on the game was not simple. He

1. Wanted to play it without any tension
2. Had a desire to maintain his reputation as the best player
3. Never knew defeat
4. Had a biased feeling about surya

Answer: 2. Had a desire to maintain his reputation as the best player

4. Why did Prabhat prepare for the game with seriousness?

1. He didn’t want to lose.
2. He had a natural feeling for games.
3. He felt jealous of Surya.
4. He wanted to lose his reputation as the best.

Answer: 1. He didn’t want to lose.

5. Surya’s outlook of life was that of

1. A philosopher
2. Simple player
3. Ordinary person
4. A good player

Answer: 4. A good player

Question 4. But on Friday, at the badminton court, Surya was a real phenomenon. He won points again and again, laughing and joking all the time. However, Surya was paying so little attention to the match that Prabhat managed to change the scoreboard while his opponent was looking elsewhere.

1. Prabhat prepared for the game with all seriousness as

1. He wanted to win it at all costs
2. He had never seen defeat
3. He couldn’t bear the loss
4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

2. Surya, on the other hand, took the game

1. Simply
2. In a relaxed manner
3. As his stake in the school
4. Lightly

Answer: 2. In a relaxed manner

3. ‘Surya was a real phenomenon’ means

1. He was the best player
2. He could turn the tables against the foe
3. He had special qualities
4. None of the above

Answer: 3. He had special qualities

4. Surya took a simple view of the game because

1. Of his nature
2. His habit of paying little attention to the match
3. He enjoyed his game
4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

5. Surya never expected that cheating

1. Would be done in the game
2. Was a part of the game
3. Shall decide the game
4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

Question 5. What was surprising was that Surya did not feel bad about losing. What was more surprising was that Prabhat saw Surya playing basketball the next day. Surya was so hopeless at it that he could not score a basket for ten minutes. Yet, he enjoyed playing the game. His happy smile never left his face.

1. What was Prabhat’s attitude towards winning and losing?

1. He enjoyed playing games regardless of the outcome.
2. He hated losing and only played games when he was sure of winning.
3. He was indifferent to both winning and losing.
4. He only played games that his friends wanted to play.

Answer: 2. He hated losing and only played games when he was sure of winning.

2. Who was the new person who joined Prabhat’s school?

1. Surya
2. A new principal
3. The coach
4. A new teacher

Answer: 1. Surya

3. What was Surya’s attitude towards playing games?

1. He was very competitive and hated losing.
2. He enjoyed playing games regardless of the outcome.
3. He only played games to win prizes.
4. He played games only when his friends asked him to.

Answer: 2. He enjoyed playing games regardless of the outcome.

4. What did Prabhat learn from observing Surya?

1. That winning is everything.
2. That enjoying the game is more important than winning or losing.
3. That practice is key to winning.
4. That losing is a disgrace.

Answer: 2. That enjoying the game is more important than winning or losing.

5. How did Prabhat’s behaviour change after observing Surya?

1. He became more competitive and focused on winning.
2. He started enjoying games more and didn’t worry about winning or losing.
3. He stopped playing games altogether.
4. He only played games with Surya.

Answer: 2. He started enjoying games more and didn’t worry about winning or losing.

Question 6. Which game did Prabhat and Surya play?

1. Basketball
2. Table Tennis
3. Badminton
4. Chess

Answer: 3. Badminton

Question 7. Who was given the responsibility of keeping the score?

1. Surya
2. Vani
3. Nupur
4. Prabhat

Answer: 4. Prabhat

Question 8. Which of the following is the correct word for “kept a close watch?”

1. Ignored
2. Monitored
3. Neglected
4. Overlooked

Answer: 2. Monitored

Question 9. For whom did the students say, ‘That fellow has great sportsmanship?

1. Prabhat
2. Suiya
3. Vani
4. Nupur

Answer: 1. Prabhat

CBSE Class 6 English Chapter 10 Question And Answers

Question 1. Which games or sports do you play?
Answer:

I play cricket.

Question 2. Read the questions given below. Talk about them and make a list.

1. Which games or sports do you play for fun?
2. Which games or sports do you play for competition?

Answer:

1. I play hide & seek for fun.
2. Cricket

Question 3. How do you feel when you win or lose?
Answer:

I feel great when I win the game. It thrills both the body and the soul. When I lose, I feel bad and let down. However, I try to console myself when I lose a game.

Question 4. Work in pairs. Tick the correct meaning of the following
Answer:

1. Friendly matches

• Matches played to win a trophy
• Matches played without competition

2. Opponent

• Someone who you compete with
• Someone you want to be a partner with

3. Tally of marks

• Final marks on a report card
• Record of points in a game/match

4. Sporting spirit

• Following all the rules in a game
• Being fair and respecting each player in a game

Question 5. State whether the following is True or False. Prabhat would accept losing to anyone easily.
Answer: False

Question 6. What was special about the last Friday of each month?
Answer:

The special thing about the last Friday was the holding of a match. It was conducted by the coach himself.

Question 7. Who was responsible for maintaining the score for the match?
Answer: Prabhat was given the responsibility of keeping score for the match.

Question 8. Do you think Prabhat wished to play another match with Surya? Why do you think so?
Answer:

No, since Prabhat had almost lost the game though he won through cheating, he may not have wanted to play another match with Surya.

Question 9. How did Surya feel about playing?
Answer:

Surya felt that one should play for joy and fun. He enjoyed playing the game. His happy smile never left his face.

Question 10. What was it about Surya that Prabhat observed?
Answer:

Prabhat observed that Surya did not feel bad about losing a game as he did. In the next match Prabhat observed that Surya never felt bad even though he hadn’t scored a basket for ten minutes.

Question 11. Read the lines given below and answer the questions.

1. If Prabhat sensed that he would lose a game, he would not play it. He would take part only when he was sure of winning, even if the game lasted onlyfora minute. You could not stop him from playing the kind of games he was really good at, like badminton.

1. Complete the sentence suitably. Prabhat would play a game only if_________.
Answer:

He was sure he would win

2. Which game was Prabhat good at playing?
Answer: Badminton

3. Select the most suitable option to complete the sentence. This behaviour of Prabhat tells us that he was_________.

1. Good at the game
2. Sure to win
3. Afraid of losing

Answer: 3. Afraid of losing

2. Surprisingly, Prabhat was unable to sleep well that night. He had won the game, but he did not feel as happy as he usually did. What was surprising was that Surya did not feel bad about losing. What was more surprising was that Prabhat saw Surya playing basketball the next day.

1. Select the one option that tells us about the way Prabhat was feeling that night.

1. Hurt
2. Unhappy
3. Afraid
4. Focused

Answer:  2. Unhappy

2.  Why does Prabhat find Surya’s behaviour ‘surprising?
Answer:

Prabhat finds Surya’s behaviour ‘surprising’ because Suiya was his opposite in behaviour. For instance, Suiya was joyful even after losing the game

3. Fill in the blank by choosing the most suitable option given in the bracket. We can say that Surya’s reaction to not winning was ______ (similar to/as serious as/different from) Prabhat’s
Answer: Different from

Question 12. Answer the following questions.

1. How did Prabhat’s attitude towards winning and losing affected his enjoyment of games in the beginning?
Answer:

Prabhat’s attitude towards winning and losing affected his enjoyment of games in the beginning because he could not think about losing even if it was a very simple game like marbles. It spoilt the fun of playing.

2. Why do you think Prabhat cheated in the beginning to win the badminton match against Surya?
Answer:

Prabhat did so because he could not accept defeat. Hence he cheated to win the badminton match against Surya. Also if he lost the game, he would have felt unhappy.

3. How did Surya’s attitude differ from Prabhat’s?
Answer:

Surya’s attitude differed from Prabhat because he used to enjoy every moment of the game while playing. He did not bother whether he would win or not. He had a very positive approach to playing games.

4. Do you think Prabhat’s approach to games was healthy? Why or why not?
Answer:

Prabhat’s approach to playing games was not healthy, because he always played to win. He didn’t like losing and if he felt that he would lose, he would cheat to win.

5. Why do you think sporting spirit is important?
Answer:

Sportsman spirit is important as one should enjoy the game while playing and also aim to win. Hence, sometimes one might lose a game, the opponent is strong. In such cases, one should not be jealous but work hard to win the next time. One should always shake hands to congratulate the winner after the game is over.

6. Explain how the title of the story, ‘Change of Heart’, is suitable.
Answer:

“Change of Heart” is a fitting title for this story because Prabhat changes his way of thinking. At first, he only cares about winning, but later he learns to enjoy playing games, whether he wins or loses. This change in Prabhat’s attitude is what the title “Change of Heart” means. It’s like he had a change of mind, and now he sees things differently.

Question 13. Make as many words as possible using consecutive letters, without changing the order of the letters, from the words in the boxes. One has been done for you.
Answer:

1. BADMINTON – BAD, ADMIN, MINT,IN,TON,ON

2. PHENOMENON – HE, HEN, NO, MEN ,NON ,ON

3. BASKETBALL – BASK, AS, ASk, BALL, ALL

Now, you can choose words of your own and create your own such puzzles. Share them with your class and try solv¬ ing others’.

Answer:

1. START – STAR, TART, ART

2. PLANT – PLAN, ANT

3. CHAIR – HAIR, AIR

Question 14. Read the following sentences and Bold the verbs.
Answer:

1. Everyone was discussing their game and how Prabhat had played so well.

2. He had won the game, but he did not feel as happy as he usually did.

3. What was more surprising was that Surya had not felt bad about losing.

Question 15. Arrange the circled verbs as the first action (old action) or second action (new action). One has been done for you.
Answer:

The verbs in column A that refer to the first action or the old action are past perfect.

Question 16. Fill in the blanks with the past perfect form of verbs given within the brackets.
Answer:

1. Prabhat had already done his homework before going to the badminton match (finish)

2. Surya had played basketball for years before joining the school’s badminton team, (play)

3. By the time Prabhat arrived, Surya had already won several matches, (win)

4. The new student, Surya, had never met Prabhat before coming to the school, (never meet)

5. Before the games period, Prabhat had practised badminton extensively (practice)

Question 17. You will listen to an announcement. As you listen, circle the pair that was chosen to play chess.

1. Rima – Dhiraj
2. Gita – Hitesh
3. Saritha – Nupur

Answer: Sarita and Nupur

Question 18. You will once again listen to the announcement. As you listen, fill in the notes with important details.
Answer:

Question 19. Look at the situations given below. In pairs, take turns to use the three magic words—‘please’, ‘thank you’ and ‘sorry’—for the situations given below. Use the prompts given in the table to learn how to thank and apologise properly.

1. You are Vani:

You want to request your friends to take you in their team during the games period.

2. You are Somiwon:

You want to tell Hitesh to help you with the cleaning of the classroom cupboard.

3. You are Sumit: You accidentally spilled water on Nupur’s desk.

4. You are Hitesh: You forgot to get Simran’s Art file to school.

5. You are Kriti: You spoke rudely to Nupur.

6. You are Mohan:

You wish to thank Hitesh for helping you practice for the Inter-House speech competition.

7. You are Meher:

You are grateful that Simran helped you understand a chapter taught at school when you were absent.

8. You are Rima:

You are thankful to Gita for helping you collect the notebooks from the staff room.

Answer:

1. I request you to please take me in your team during the games period as I am very keen to play. (Vani)

2. Hitesh, please help me with the cleaning of the classroom cupboard. Ill be very grateful for your help. (Somiwon)

3. Dear Nupur, I am sorry, I accidentally spilled water on your desk and spoiled your books. (Sumit)

4. Dear Simran, I forgot to get your Art file to school. I am extremely sorry for being so forgetful and careless. (Hitesh)

5. Nupur, I am very sorry, I spoke rudely to you. I apologise for hurting you with my words. (Kriti)

6. Dear Hitesh, thank you for helping me practise for the InterHouse speech competition. It means so much to me. (Mohan)

7. Dear Simran, I am grateful that you helped me understand a chapter taught at school when I was absent. I really thank you from the bottom of my heart. (Meher)

8. Dear Gita, I am thankful to you for helping me collect the notebooks from the staff-room. I thank you very much from the bottom of my heart. (Rima)

Question 20. Prabhat managed to change the scoreboard while Surya was looking elsewhere. Yet, he did not feel so happy that night. Unable to sleep, he decided to write down his feelings in his diary.

Given below is the page where he wrote his feelings that night. Complete it
with the help of the phrases given in the box below.

I won the match – I do not feel happy about it

I will lose the match – I managed to change the scoreboard

I felt very happy  – Everyone congratulated me after my win

Surya did not feel bad – He had fun playing with me

Answer:

Saturday

17, August 20XX

8. 00 p.m

Today, I defeated Surya in a badminton match but (1) I do not feel happy about it. He was playing very well and was getting the points easily. I was sure that (2) I will lose the match. So, when everyone was laughing at a joke he cracked, (3) I managed to change the scoreboard. No one noticed the change and (4) I won the match. What surprised me the most was that he said (5) he had fun playing with me and we should play again. How could he be so relaxed after losing a match? He should have been sad if not crying over his loss! Though (6) I felt very happy, I did not enjoy as I usually do. It really disturbed me that (7) Surya did not feel bad about losing the match. It is still bothering me. Is it because I changed the score? I do not understand myself. Let me sleep now. I feel that it may make me feel better. Goodnight!

CBSE Class 6 English Chapter 10 Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Who was the new student who joined Prabhat’s school?
Answer: Surya was the new student who joined Prabhat’s school.

Question 2. Who won the game between Prabhat and Surya?
Answer: Prabhat won the game.

CBSE Class 6 English Chapter 10 Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. How did Prabhat look at games?
Answer:

Prabhat looked at games in a different manner. If he sensed that he would lose the game, he would not play. Winning a game would fill in him a kind of unique feeling.

Question 2. What kind of player was Surya?
Answer:

Surya was an excellent badminton player. He always played games with a smile on his face and with good sportsman spirit. He always played to enjoy the game.

Question 3. How did Prabhat cheat in the game of badminton?
Answer:

Surya was laughing and joking while playing. In between Prabhat managed to change the scoreboard while Surya was looking elsewhere.

Question 4. How did the cheating done by Prabhat affect him?
Answer:

Prabhat out of jealousy cheated in the game and won. Surya didn’t care for it. But it affected Prabhat. He couldn’t sleep that night due to the feeling of guilt.

Question 5. How did Surya look at the defeat?
Answer:

Surya took his defeat as a normal thing. He continued smiling. His happy smile never left his face.

CBSE Class 6 English Chapter 10 Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What kind of a person was Prabhat as a sportsperson?
Answer:

Prabhat always wanted to win. His parents, teachers and friends said that Prabhat never knew defeat. He could no bear losing, not even at marbles. Losing made him feel terrible.

Question 2. How does Surya show his great quality of a player in playing games?
Answer:

While playing Surya looked happy and relaxed. He treated the game lightly and didn’t mind losing. But in the badminton court, he was a real phenomenon. He continued laughing and cracking jokes.

Question 3. How did Prabhat look at games after cheating?
Answer:

Prabhat looked at games differently after cheating. He realised that to enjoy a game, one need not bother about the scoreboard. One needed to enjoy the game for its own sake. What mattered was trying to do well and enjoying every moment of it.

Question 4. What did Prabhat learn?
Answer:

Prabhat felt a change in himself. He started playing hide and seek. He felt sad when the game was going to end. He also started joking while playing. Prabhat was a new person with a new sporting spirit

Question 5. Can you describe a time when you realised the need to change your approach to something? How did it impact you?
Answer:

I used to think asking for help was a weakness. But one day. I saw a classmate asking the teacher for help and so that he could do much better on an assignment. I realised that getting help is a way to learn and improve. Since then, I started asking questions, which made me more confident and helped me understand things better.

Question 6. He was great at some things, terrible at others but what was common was the enjoyment. He enjoyed everything equally. As Prabhat went on with his observation, he realised that to enjoy a game, you did not need a scoreboard to keep a tally of your scores. Neither did you have to worry about winning and losing. You needed to enjoy the game for its own sake. What matters is trying to do well, and enjoying every moment of it.

1. Prabhat realised that the most important thing about playing games is _________ and enjoying the moments.
Answer: Trying to do well.

2. What change did Prabhat notice in himself?
Answer:

Prabhat realised that he had begun enjoying games more, playing with a sporting spirit, and feeling sad when the games ended.

3. How did the other students view Prabhat after his change?
Answer:

The other students admired his sporting spirit and mentioned that it was fun playing with him.

The post CBSE Class 6 English Chapter 10 Change Of Heart appeared first on CBSE School Notes.

1. You know what phrases are. We will learn the correct usage of some very expressive phrases.

Idioms

An idiom can be defined as a number of words which, when taken together, have a different meaning from the individual meanings of each word.

Examples:

1. be at large
2. do someone proud
3. be at daggers drawn

The second simply means that you make someone proud of you.

Be at dagger’s drawn: It means great enmity, but it is not very clear.

• Here in 2, the form is correct, meaning is also clear.
• In 1, the form is clear, but the meaning is unclear.
• In 3, the form is irregular, meaning unclear.

In English, many words are used in pairs to give emphasis; sometimes they are similar, as in safe and sound, sometimes they add emphasis by contrast, as in tooth and nail.

1. The two children arrived safe and sound at their homes.
2. The neighbours fought tooth and nail over a parking place in their colony.

2. Learn some interesting combinations.

1. Might and main – with all strength
2. In black and white – in writing
3. Spick and span – very neat
4. Wear and tear – damage sustained as a result of ordinary use
5. Hard and fast – strict rules
6. Hale and hearty – very healthy
7. Hue and cry – loud protest
8. Fits and starts – doing work in bits, not continuously
9. Odds and ends – miscellaneous things
10. First and foremost – the most important point
11. Heart and soul – put all your efforts in some work
12. By leaps and bounds – at great speed
13. Rank and file – from the highest to the lowest
14. Head and shoulders – much above others in qualities and abilities
15. Ways and means – methods used

Exercise 1

Now, fill in the blanks with the pairs given to you above:

Question 1. The roads in Delhi are so bad that even the best cars cannot stand up to the ________ of driving on them.

Answer: The roads in Delhi are so bad that even the best cars cannot stand up to the strain of driving on them.

Question 2. He tried to find _________ to get over the dilemma he was facing.

Answer: He tried to find a way to get over the dilemma he was facing.

Question 3. Ramesh studies in _______ and cannot do well in the coming Board Exams.

Answer: Ramesh studies in fits and starts and cannot do well in the coming Board Exams.

Question 4. Sachin Tendulkar stands ________ above all the present cricketers.

Answer: Sachin Tendulkar stands head and shoulders above all the present cricketers.

Question 5. He wanted the agreement to be in _______ before he signed the project.

Answer: He wanted the agreement to be in writing before he signed the project.

Question 6. He put his ______ in the project and soon completed it.

Answer: He put his heart and soul in the project and soon completed it.

Question 7. Nalini is very house-proud, everything in her house is _____.

Answer: Nalini is very house-proud, everything in her house is spick and span.

Question 8. Even at the ripe old age of eighty, he is _______ and suffers from no ailments.

Answer: Even at the ripe old age of eight,y he is hale and hearty and suffers from no ailments.

Question 9. There was a great ________ raised by the opposition parties over the alarming rise in petroleum prices.

Answer: There was a great uproar raised by the opposition parties over the alarming rise in petroleum prices.

Question 10. Our _____ duty is to observe law and order in the country.

Answer: Our paramount duty is to observe law and order in the country.

Question 11. India has made progress by ________ in the communication sector.

Answer: India has made progress by leaps and bounds in the communication sector.

Question 12. There are no _______ to subdue the Rajputs.

Answer: There is no hard and fast to subdue the Rajputs.

Question 13. Akbar used all his ________ to subdue the Rajputs.

Answer: Akbar used all his might to subdue the Rajputs.

Question 14. The General was supported by ______ in achieving his aims.

Answer: The General was supported by hook or by crook in achieving his aims.

Question 15. Though he had completed his task, there were some ______ to be looked into.

Answer: Though he had completed his task, there were some loose ends to be looked into.

Exercise 2

Match the following idiomatic expressions with their meanings. One is done for you:

Answer:

Exercise 3

Here are some phrasal expressions. Match them with their meanings. (Take the help of the dictionary):

Answer:

Exercise 4

Explain briefly the following idiomatic expressions in the space given:

Question 1. Call off ____________

Answer: Call off

Meaning: To cancel an event or activity.

Example: “They called off the meeting due to bad weather.”

Question 2. To face the music ____________

Answer: To face the music

Meaning: To accept the consequences of one’s actions.

Example: “After failing the exam, he had to face the music at home.”

Question 3. To fight shy of ____________

Answer: To fight shy of

Meaning: To avoid or be reluctant to do something.

Example: “She fights shy of public speaking.”

Question 4. Call upon ____________

Answer: Call upon

Meaning: To formally ask someone to do something.

Example: “The teacher called upon the students to answer.”

Question 5. Pull through ____________

Answer: Pull through

Meaning: To recover from illness or overcome a difficult situation.

Example: “With proper care, he pulled through the illness.”

Question 6. To go to the dogs ____________

Answer: To go to the dogs

Meaning: To deteriorate or decline in quality.

Example: “The old park has gone to the dogs.”

Question 7. Fair-weather friends ____________

Answer: A fair-weather friend

Meaning: Someone who is only a friend in good times.

Example: “He disappeared when I needed help—a true fair-weather friend.”

Question 8. Too keep one’s fingers crossed ____________

Answer: To keep one’s fingers crossed

Meaning: To hope for good luck or success.

Example: “I’m keeping my fingers crossed for your interview.”

Question 9. Hold back ____________

Answer: Hold back

Meaning: To restrain or hesitate to act.

Example: “She held back her tears during the speech.”

Question 10. Tell upon ____________

Answer: Tell upon

Meaning: To have a noticeable effect (usually negative).

Example: “Stress began to tell upon his health.”

2. Learn Some More Useful Phrases And Idiomatic Expressions

1. Bad blood – unfriendliness or enmity between two people or families
2. Bad news travels fast– bad news spreads more quickly than good news
3. Come to a bad end – said about someone who leads an unhealthy life, and faces disgrace
4. Big deal – (terrific!) great! said when one is not impressed
5. A big mouth – someone who boasts, exaggerates
6. In a big way – on a large scale
7. A dead end – a road that doesn’t lead anywhere. A stage where no further progress can be made
8. Dead silence – a total, unbroken silence
9. Over my dead body – said when the speaker is very much against something
10. Good for nothing – lazy, unreliable, having no good qualities
11. Good riddance! – feeling of relief when one gets rid of an unpleasant person or something unwanted
12. Hard to please – a person who is very critical, has a very high standard
13. hard of hearing – partly deaf
14. A hard nut to crack- a difficult problem to overcome
15. High and dry – abandoned, ignored, isolated
16. In high places – friends or people in top-level positions
17. It’s high time – when something must be done without more delay
18. In the long run – over a long period
19. The long and short of it – essential facts of a matter
20. A chip off / of the old block – son or daughter who is very much like his or her father in character, in temperament
21. An old hand – someone with a lot of experience
22. A shortcut – qa uicker or easier way of going somewhere or doing things
23. A short notice – with little warning
24. As thick as thieves – very friendly, sharing same interests
25. Through thick and thin– through good times and difficult times
26. Vanish into the air– disappear without trace
27. At the end of one’s tether– a position where no more patience is left
28. At a loose end – having nothing to do
29. Make both ends meet– somehow manage with the meagre money one has
30. Sign on the dotted line – agree to do something without any conditions
31. Read between the lines – understand or sense more than the actual words
32. No laughing matter – something very serious
33. A matter of time – bound to happen, sooner or later
34. To give someone a piece of one’s mind – to scold or reprimand someone
35. Make up one’s mind – take a decision
36. Out of sight, out of mind – people or things that cannot be seen or are far away, are soon forgotten
37. Go one’s own way – act independently
38. In a word – briefly
39. Word for word – literally
40. Out of this world – wonderful
41. On top of the world – very happy
42. All and sundry – everybody
43. Believe it or not – it is true, whether you believe or you disbelieve it
44. Cut it out! – stop it!
45. Play it by the ear – act according to the situation
46. Like it or lump it – whether you like it or not, accept the situation
47. Rub it in – continue to emphasise something
48. Run for it – run fast to get out of danger
49. Too good to be true – so good, one can hardly believe it
50. A blessing in disguise – a mishap that turns out to be fortunate in the end
51. Child’s play – easy task
52. A drop in the ocean – a small amount
53. A jack of all trades – a person capable of doing many things but not great expert in anything.
54. At a stone’s throw – very near, at a short distance
55. A hole and comer business – very secretive, dishonest dealing
56. A wet blanket – a person who spoils a jolly atmosphere

3. Idiomatic Pairs

Learn about some common pairs in English language.

1. Alive and kicking – well and active
2. Bom and bred – bom and brought up
3. Cut and dried– settled, decided
4. Fair and square – in a fair way
5. Rough and ready – only approximate, not exact
6. Short and sweet – without unnecessary details
7. Sick and tired – thoroughly bored or annoyed
8. Give and take – compromise
9. By hook or by crook – by any method, fair or unfair
10. Lock, stock, and barrel – everything, every item
11. Without rhyme or reason – illogical, not making sense
12. Part and parcel – part of something
13. Aches and pains – health complaints
14. Hammer and tongs – argue, quarrel loudly
15. Ifs and buts – excuses
16. The ins and outs – intricate details, difficult to explain
17. Man to man – openly and sincerely
18. Stuff and nonsense – foolish talk, ideas
19. Touch and go – critical, close to both success and failure
20. As and when – whenever
21. Far and wide – everywhere
22. By and large – taken as a whole
23. More or less – roughly, practically
24. To and fro – one way and then the other, up and down
25. Up and about – recovered, in good health
26. Loud and clear – very clearly
27. Chop and change – change one’s mind, opinions, plans
28. Do or die – make the greatest effort or fail
29. Forgive and forget – be reconciled, forget enmity
30. Wait and watch – wait patiently
31. Through and through – thoroughly, completely
32. On and on – continue without stopping
33. By and by – in the course of time
34. Toss and turn – sleep restlessly, because of worry
35. Over and over – repeatedly
36. Blow by blow – to give an account of something, including all the details, events in order
37. Live and let live – to be tolerant towards others
38. Again and again – repeatedly
39. From door to door – going to all the houses in the streets
40. Round and round – moving in circles, spinning
41. Hit and miss – not exact, random, sometimes good and sometimes bad
42. Pick and choose – to take time and trouble to choose very selectively
43. Sink or swim – survive or face
44. Little by little – gradually, at a slow rate
45. Step by step – one step at a time, slowly

Exercise 5

Study the idioms in the box, then complete the sentences given below correctly:

Question 1. They all disliked their new neighbour who had caused _____ between the two communities living peacefully in the village.

Answer: They all disliked their new neighbour who had caused bad blood between the two communities living peacefully in the village.

Question 2. The old sarpanch was _____ in dealing with property disputes and soon settled the mattter.

Answer: The old sarpanch was an old hand in dealing with property disputes and soon settled the mattter.

Question 3. Ramesh stood by his friend ______ and was always there to help.

Answer: Ramesh stood by his friend through thick and thin and was always there to help.

Question 4. The announcement that there will be a further rise in petrol prices was received by the workers in ____________.

Answer: The announcement that there will be a further rise in petrol prices was received by the workers in dead silence.

Question 5. He left his family _______ on the road to face the problem of a broken axle, and left for his office in a taxi.

Answer: He left his family high and dry on the road to face the problem of a broken axle, and left for his office in a taxi.

Question 6. He thought it was a _______ to win awards in competition.

Answer: He thought it was a child’s play to win awards in competition.

Question 7. To their utter surprise, it was their ________ son who won fame in the field of sports.

Answer: To their utter surprise, it was their good for nothing son who won fame in the field of sports.

Question 8. The people are really terrified by the experiment to be made on 11th September, it’s ______ for them.

Answer: The people are really terrified by the experiment to be made on 11th September, it’s no laughing matter for them.

Question 9. He replied briefly, in fact ______which meant “Leave.”

Answer: He replied briefly, in fact in a word which meant “Leave.”

Question 10. “Do not panic, Rani, watch the audience, just _______ and you will succeed,” said the director of the play.

Answer: “Do not panic, Rani, watch the audience, just play it by ear and you will succeed,” said the director of the play.

Exercise 6

Fill in the blanks with a single word for each of the following words given in brackets. take the help of the words in the box.

Question 1. The _____ were small and he was unhappy (the money workmen get for work)

Answer: The wages were small, and he was unhappy (the money workmen get for work)

Question 2. An _______ of plague broke out in the town after the earthquake (a disease which is widespread at the same time, same place among many people)

Answer: An epidemic of plague broke out in the town after the earthquake (a disease which is widespread at the same time, same place among many people)

Question 3. He never made the mistake of underrating his _______ and was successful in beating them in every game (persons against whom one fights, struggles, plays games, or argues)

Answer: He never made the mistake of underrating his opponents and was successful in beating them in every game (persons against whom one fights, struggles, plays games, or argues)

Question 4. After a long ________, the bill was passed by the Lok Sabha. (discussion at a public meeting or in parliament)

Answer: After a long debate, the bill was passed by the Lok Sabha. (discussion at a public meeting or in parliament)

Question 5. India has made great progress in the last _______ (a period of ten years)

Answer: India has made great progress in the last decade (a period of ten years)

Exercise 7

Make your own sentences of the following expressions :

Question 1. On And On

Answer: On And On – The Speaker Kept Talking On And On Without Taking A Break.

Question 2. By And by

Answer: By And By – By And By, She Began To Understand The True Meaning Of Friendship.

Question 3. Up And About

Answer: Up And About – After A Week Of Illness, He Was Finally Up And About Again.

Question 4. More Or Less

Answer: More Or Less – I’ve Finished My Homework, More Or Less.

Question 5. Touch And Go

Answer: Touch And Go – It Was Touch And Go Whether The Patient Would Survive The Night.

The post CBSE Class 8 English Chapter 29 Some Useful Phrases And Idioms appeared first on CBSE School Notes.

1. A Relative Clause describes a noun in the main clause. It is introduced by words like who, which, that, whose, whom, and where. It is, in fact, an Adjective clause. In the sentence — This is the boy who won the first prize tell us, ‘which boy’?

We use who to describe people and which and that to describe all nouns except people.

Examples:

1. This is the fort that Shah Jahan built.

(Here, that Shah Jahan’s built tells us more about the noun ‘fort’).

2. This is the book that you wanted.

(Which you wanted describes the noun book.)

3. Special Use of That: That can be used for whom also.

The boy who stood last in class is my nephew.

There are special cases where we have to use that.

1. We use that after Adjectives in the Superlative degree.

Examples:

1. He is the cruelest person that I have ever met.
2. This is the dullest book that I have ever read.

2. We use that after the words, all, any, anything, none, nothing, everything, etc.

Examples:

1. She disapproved of everything that I did.
2. I was sorry for all that I did to annoy her.

3. That is used when we refer to both a person and a thing.

The man and the car that were flashed on the TV screen revealed the identity of the culprit.

Exercise 1

Tick (V) the right word in the box to complete the

Question 1. He is neglecting the important work that was/which was given to him.
Answer: That was ✓

Question 2. The police are questioning the driver who was/that was driving the blue line bus involved in the accident.
Answer: Who was ✓

Question 3. This is the most complicated case/that I have been asked to solve.
Answer: That ✓

Question 4. The scooter, which/was found abandoned on the road, belonged to a noted criminal.
Answer: That was ✓

Question 5. He distrusts people/who flatter him.
Answer: Who ✓

Question 6. I was the boy who/instigated your son to steal.
Answer: Who ✓

Question 7. I am looking for a worker/whom I can depend on.
Answer: That ✓

Question 8. J.R.D. Tata was the most effective chairman that/we ever had.
Answer: That ✓

Question 9. This is the famous beach/that we visited last year.
Answer: That ✓

Question 10. The architect who/designed this building is now working in Dubai.
Answer: Who ✓

Examples:

She joined a new Company whose management was very incompetent
(Noun)

He gave the dog to Mr Smith, whose pet it was.
(Noun) (Noun)

1. Whose is used mostly for people, and it is used in place of his/her/theirs.
2. Who is the objective form of who? It is used in place of him/her/their; as, The man whom we asked for directions misguided us.
3. In spoken English, who is not used much; that is preferred; as, The man, whom we asked for directions, misguided us.
4. Whom can be used with a preposition: to whom or with whom; as, The boy with whom she went to the theatre left her alone on the road.
   The boy to whom she lent her notes refused to return them.
5. In a relative clause where is used to talk about a place. It is used in place of there.

Examples:

1. The village where I was born is somewhere in Pakistan now.
2. I want to go to a hotel where we can get a good meal.

Exercise 2

Join the sentences under Column A with those under Column B, by changing B into a relative clause using whom, whose and where. One is done for you:—

At Manali, we stayed at a hotel where a golf course was right behind it.

They liked the commentator whose commentary was full of humour.

The boys were talking to the actor whom they had met earlier.

The public booed the man whose poor performance had brought disgrace to the country.

Can you tell us about a decent hotel where we can order a meal for ten people?

The old lady with thick glasses, whom we met at the museum, was a famous archaeologist.

He is the unfortunate artist whose entire work was destroyed by miscreants.

5. Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses.

Study the following sentences carefully.

1. This is the boy whose parents were killed in a car accident.
2. I live in Ludhiana, which is famous for its woollen industry.

In the above two sentences, the relative clause tells us which person or thing, or what kind of person or thing, the speaker means.

1. “Whose parents were killed in an accident?” tells us “which boy?”
2. “Which is famous for its woollen industry,” tell us more about Ludhiana.
3. This kind of relative clause is called a defining clause.
4. We visited Bengaluru, which we liked very much.
5. I was embarrassed by my son, whose constant crying upset the party.

In the above two sentences, the relative clause does not identify the person or thing.

We already know which place (Bengaluru) or person (my son) is meant. This kind of relative clause is called a non-defining clause. It gives us extra information about a person or thing.

We use a comma (, ) with a non-defining clause and not with a defining clause.

Examples: (i) I met a lady who can speak five languages, (defining clause)

My mother, who can speak five languages, spoke in French at the meeting (non-defining clause)

In defining clauses, we can use that in place of who or which.

Examples:

1. This is the place / that Jack built.
2. This is the sportsman who / holds the world record in swimming.

3. But in non-defining clauses, we cannot use that.

Examples:

1. He borrowed my book, which he never returned.
2. This is my friend Amita, who loves to read novels.

4. In defining clauses, we can leave out who / which / that when it is the object.

Examples:

1. We want a person whom we can trust.
2. The house (which he recommended had no electricity.

(We can drop who / which in these sentences)

5. In a non-defining clause, we cannot leave out who / which.

Examples:

1. We recommended the Carlton Hotel, which served excellent food.
2. (We cannot write: We recommended the Carlton Hotel served excellent food.)
3. We tried Harish, whom we could trust.
4. We cannot write: We tried Harish, we could trust.

Exercise 3

Combine the following sentences into one by converting one of them into a relative clause. In some, you can leave out who/which/that. Put commas whenever it is a non-defining relative clause

Question 1. This was my decision. I regret it to this day
Answer: This was my decision, which I regret to this day.

Question 2. My daughter has completed one course of
antibiotics. It has not helped her at all.
Answer: My daughter has completed one course of antibiotics, which has not helped her at all.

Question 3. The police interrogated the servant. My daughter had identified him
Answer: The police interrogated the servant whom my daughter had identified.

Question 4. This is the diamond necklace. My wife wants it.
Answer: This is the diamond necklace (that my wife wants.

Question 5. Mr Gupta is our social science teacher. He can hold us spellbound with his stories
Answer: Mr Gupta, who can hold us spellbound with his stories, is our social science teacher.

Question 6. This is the pen. I lost it last week.
Answer: This is the pen (that I lost last week.

Question 7. The Beastly Tales is written by Vikram Seth. It is one of my favourite books.
Answer: The Beastly Tales, which is one of my favourite books, is written by Vikram Seth.

Question 8. She is the girl. I went to her house yesterday.
Answer: She is the girl (whom I went to her house yesterday.

Question 9. I talked to the Home Minister about their case. He promised to take serious action.
Answer: I talked to the Home Minister, who promised to take serious action about their case.

Question 10. I gave you a big loan last year. What have you done with it?
Answer: I gave you a big loan last year. What have you done with it?

The post CBSE Class 8 English Chapter 21 Relative Clauses appeared first on CBSE School Notes.

An Adverb Clause in a Complex Sentence does the work of an Adverb. Adverb Clauses are of many kinds.

1. Time
2. Place
3. Purpose
4. Reason
5. Condition
6. Result
7. Comparison
8. Supposition or C

Adverb Clauses Of Time

Adverb Clauses of Time are introduced by the Subordinating Conjunctions when, whenever, while, before, after, till, since, as, etc.

Examples:

1. When the cat is away, the mice will play.
2. He flatters her whenever he meets her.
3. Do not talk while you are eating.
4. Before you go, bring me a cup of water.
5. I will meet you after the meeting is over.
6. Wait till I return.
7. I have been ill since I returned from Pune.
8. As I came out, my mother met me.
9. As soon as she heard the news, she began to cry.
10. Just as he entered the room, the clock struck twelve.
11. No sooner did he see us than he disappeared.

Adverb Clauses Of Place

Adverb Clauses of Place are introduced by the Subordinating Conjunctions where, wherever, whence, whither, etc.

Examples:

1. I have put the book where no one can find it.
2. He fled where no one could find him.
3. I make friends wherever I go.
4. You can stay whenever you like.
5. Go quickly, whence you came.
6. The wind bloweth whither it listeth.

3. Adverb Clauses Of Purpose

Adverb Clauses of Purpose are introduced by the Subordinating Conjunctions that and lest.

Examples :

1. We eat that we may live.
2. They worked hard so that they might become rich.
3. He drew the sword that he might defend himself.
4. He walked slowly lest he should fall.
5. She ate little lest she should fall ill.
6. Write down lest you forget all about the new terms.

4. Adverb Clauses Of Cause Or Reason

Adverb Clauses of Cause or Reason are introduced by the Subordinating Conjunctions because, as, that, since.

Examples:

1. I shall help her because I like her.
2. I could not come yesterday because I was ill.
3. He thinks that, because he is rich, he can buy justice.
4. As he was not there, I spoke to his wife.
5. As he was guilty, I punished him.
6. I am glad that you do not like it.
7. Since you are my friend, I shall help you.
8. Since you promise to serve me faithfully, I will make you my assistant.

5. Adverb Clauses Of Condition

Adverb Clauses of Condition are introduced by the Subordinating Conjunctions if, whether, and unless.

Examples:

1. If it rains, we shall not play.
2. If you eat too much, you will be ill.
3. If you tell me the truth, I will forgive you.
4. You must help her whether you like her or not.
5. He will not pass whether he works or not.
6. Unless he works harder, he will fail.
7. I will forgive you on the condition that you admit your guilt.

6. Adverb Clauses Of Result

Adverb Clauses of Result are introduced by the Subordinating Conjunction that. Usually, so or such precedes it in the Principal Clause.

Examples:

1. He is so old that he can hardly work.
2. She is so a kind woman that all loves her.
3. The news is so good that it cannot be true.
4. They made such a noise that I could not work.
5. He is such a good man that all respects him.
6. She spoke in such a low voice that very few could hear her.
7. So good a man is he that all respect him.
8. So terrible a disease broke out that very few people were left alive.
9. So bravely did they fight that the enemies had to retreat.

7. Adverb Clauses Of Comparison

Adverb Clauses of Comparison are of two kinds:—

1. Adverb Clauses of Comparison of Degree.
2. Adverb Clauses of Comparison of Manner.

(1) Adverb Clauses of Comparison of Degree are introduced by the Subordinating Conjunction than, or by the Relative Adverb

Examples:

1. She is younger than she looks.
2. He works harder than I do.
3. He is as foolish as he is lazy
4. He is not as wise as you think.

2. Adverb Clauses of Comparison of Manner are introduced by the Relative Adverb as, as,

Examples:

1. She does as she pleases.
2. As you sow, so shall you reap.
3. As you have made your bed, so you must lie on it.
4. It all ended as we expected.
5. Adverb Clauses Of Supposition Or Contrast

Adverb Clauses of Supposition or Contrast are introduced by the Subordinating Conjunctions though, although, even if, as,

Examples:

1. Though he is poor, he is honest.
2. Though He slay me, yet I will trust Him.
3. Although he was ill, he attended the meeting.
4. Even if it rains, we shall go to the movie.
5. Even if he is old, he can do a lot of work.
6. Although they fought bravely, they were defeated.
7. Even if you fail, you will be promoted.

Exercise 1

Underline the Adverb Clauses in the following sentences, and say what kind each is

Question 1. We work so that we may pass.___________
Answer: That We May Pass- Adverb Clause Of Purpose

Question 2. He is wiser than I am.___________
Answer: Then I Am -Adverb Clause Of Comparison

Question 3. Even if it rains, I shall come.___________
Answer: Even If It Rains- Adverb Clause Of Condition

Question 4. Though she is rich, she is not happy. ___________
Answer: Though She Is Rich- Adverb Clause Of Concession

Question 5. Although he failed, he was promoted.___________
Answer: Although He Failed- Adverb Clause Of Concession

Question 6. So good a woman is she that all respect her.___________
Answer: That All Respect Her- Adverb Clause Of Result

Question 7. He talked in such a way that all followed him.___________
Answer: In Such A Way That All Followed Him. -Adverb Clause Of Manner/Result

Question 8. If you have tears, prepare to shed them now.___________
Answer: If You Have Tears – Adverb Clause Of Condition

Question 9. Unless you work harder, you will fail.____________
Answer: Unless You Work Harder- Adverb Clause Of Condition

Question 10. You must go there whether you like it or not.___________
Answer: Whether You Like It Or Not.- Adverb Clause Of Concession/Condition

Question 11. He was very pleased that you had passed.___________
Answer: That You Had Passed. – Adverb Clause Of Reason/Result

Question 12. Because I like her, I shall help her.___________
Answer: Because I Like Her- Adverb Clause Of Reason

Question 13. Since you are intelligent, you will pass easily.___________
Answer: Since You Are intelligent, an adverb Clause Of Reason

Question 14. As he was ill, he could not come to school.___________
Answer: As He Was Ill- Adverb Clause Of Reason

Question 15. They worked hard so that they might pass the examination.___________
Answer: That They Might Pass The Examination. – Adverb Clause Of Purpose

Exercise 2

Add a suitable Adverb Clause to each of the following

Question 1. _________ He is honest
Answer: Because he works hard

Question 2. Stop________
Answer: Before it gets dark.

Question 3. He Does_______
Answer: As he is told.

Question 4. He spoke________
Answer: As if he knew everything.

Question 5. I Awarded________
Answer: Whoever performed best.

Question 6. __________ you miss the train
Answer: If you don’t hurry

Question 7. ___________ Is he honest
Answer: Although he is poor

Question 8. Nobody trusts him_________
Answer: Because he lies often.

Question 9. He fled __________
Answer: When he saw the police.

Question 10. He failed______
Answer: Although he tried his best.

Question 11. The sun set_______
Answer: While we were still hiking.

Question 12. Wait here________
Answer: Until I return.

Question 13. I shall ___________
Answer: Go wherever you go.

Question 14. You may do _________
Answer: Whatever you like.

Question 15. He was so tired__________
Answer: That he fell asleep immediately.

The post CBSE Class 8 English Chapter 20 Adverb Clauses appeared first on CBSE School Notes.

1. An Adjective Clause in a Complex Sentence does the work of an Adjective, and so it qualifies some Noun or Pronoun in the Principal Clause.

2. An Adjective Clause is introduced by a Relative Pronoun or Relative Adverb; as,

Examples :

1. This is the boy who won the first prize.
2. This is the book that I found.
3. This is the house that John built.
4. The boy who stole your book has been caught.
5. The time when the train leaves is not known.
6. This is the house where he was born.
7. Those who work hard succeed.
8. The reason why he told a lie is not known.
9. Where is the boy whom you punished?

3. But the Relative Pronoun or Relative Adverb is sometimes understood, and not expressed.

1. Eat all you can.[Here, the Relative Pronoun is understood.]
2. Where is the book I gave you?[Here, the Relative Pronoun is understood.]
3. I met a man I know.[Here, the Relative Pronoun whom is understood.]
4. On the day you pass the examination, I shall give you a prize.
   [Here, the Relative Adverb when is understood.]

5. The reason I have come is to ask for my money. [Here, the Relative Adverb why is understood.]

Exercise -1

Underline the Adjective Clauses in the following sentences

Question 1. God helps those who help themselves.
Answer: Those who help themselves

Question 2. This is the house where she lived.
Answer: Where she lived.

Question 3. This is the boy who stood first in the examination.
Answer: Who stood first in the examination?

Question 4. Here is the book you want.
Answer: you want.

Question 5. He is not the man I can trust
Answer: I can trust.

Question 6. I remember the house where I was born.
Answer: Where I was born.

Question 7. I am the monarch of all I survey.
Answer: I survey.

Question 8. He that climbs too high is sure to fall.
Answer: That climbs too high

Question 9. The story he tells is untrue.
Answer: He tells

Question 10. They never fail who die in a great cause.
Answer: Those who die in a great cause.

Question 11. The house that she lives in belongs to her father.
Answer: That she lives in

Question 12. All that glitters is not gold.
Answer: That glitters

Question 13. He laughs best who laughs last.
Answer: Who laughs last

Question 14. He gave her everything she asked for.
Answer: She asked for.

Question 15. He story he tells is untrue
Answer: That is down

Exercise -2

Fill in the blanks with suitable Adjective Clauses :

Question 1. I know the place __________
Answer: where she was born.

Question 2. He is the man__________
Answer: Who helped me?

Question 3. I want back the book__________
Answer: that I lent you.

Question 4. He never fails__________
Answer: Who works hard?

Question 5. Here is the book __________
Answer: which you were looking for.

Question 6. God helps those__________
Answer: Those who help themselves.

Question 7. Blessed is he__________
Answer: Who trusts in the Lord.

Question 8. He tells a tale__________
Answer: That is hard to believe.

Question 9. This is the girl __________
Answer: Who sang beautifully?

Question 10. I met a girl__________
Answer: Who knows you well?

The post CBSE Class 8 English Chapter 19 Adjective Clauses appeared first on CBSE School Notes.